A note on equilibria for two-tier supply chains with a single manufacturer and multiple retailers

A well-studied problem in the supply chain management literature considers a two-tier supply chain for a homogeneous product with a single manufacturer, multiple retailers and a general inverse demand function. The problem has been analyzed in the literature without a formal mathematical treatment of the existence/uniqueness of equilibria. Furthermore, the existence/uniqueness results derived for related models are not extendable to our model. The objective of this paper is to derive sufficient conditions for the existence/uniqueness of Stackelberg–Nash–Cournot equilibria for the two-tier problem.     

Randomized strategy equilibrium in the action commitment game with costs of leading

We investigate a two-player action commitment game where one simultaneous-move and two sequential-move pure strategy equilibria exist when the cost of leading is zero, while the simultaneous-move outcome is not an equilibrium when the leading cost is small positive. We show that this discontinuity disappears if we consider randomized strategy equilibria. We investigate a price competition model and show that randomized strategy equilibria exist and any of them converges to the Bertrand equilibrium when the leading cost converges to zero.     

Existence of secondary bifurcations or isolas for PDEs

In this paper, we introduce a method to conclude about the existence of secondary bifurcations or isolas of steady state solutions for parameter dependent nonlinear partial differential equations. The technique combines the Global Bifurcation Theorem, knowledge about the non-existence of nontrivial steady state solutions at the zero parameter value and explicit information about the coexistence of multiple nontrivial steady states at a positive parameter value. We apply the method to the two-dimensional Swift-Hohenberg equation.     

微波辅助萃取法提取菟丝子总黄酮的最佳工艺

设计单因素和正交试验,采用微波快速反应系统对菟丝子进行提取,以芦丁为对照品,采用紫外分光光度法测定菟丝子中总黄酮的含量,以总黄酮的含量为考察指标,考察微波功率、提取时间、提取温度、乙醇浓度及料液比对总黄酮提取量的影响,优选最佳提取工艺。结果表明,微波辅助萃取法提取菟丝子总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为：乙醇体积分数70%、提取温度80℃、提取时间30min、料液比1∶20（g/mL）。     

桔皮中提取果胶的工艺

对桔皮果胶的提取工艺进行了研究。实验研究了酸提取果胶的过程中提取液pH值、料液比、微波功率、微波时间等反应条件对产率的影响。结果表明,果胶的最佳提取条件为：提取液pH值为1,料液比为1∶20g/mL,微波功率为460W,微波辐射时间为6min,果胶得率21.3%。     

废弃番茄叶中叶绿素超声-微波协同的提取工艺

利用超声-微波协同法提取废弃番茄叶中的叶绿素.通过单因素及正交试验研究了溶剂、乙醇浓度、微波功率、超声温度、超声时间、料液比、微波时间7个因素对叶绿素提取量的影响,再进行正交试验和验证实验.结果表明最佳工艺条件是:乙醇浓度90％、微波功率500W、超声温度70℃、超声时间40min、料液比1∶10(g/mL)、微波时间...     

液-液萃取反相离子对色谱法测定口腔崩解片剂中溴吡斯的明的血浆浓度

建立了反相离子对色谱法测定口腔崩解片剂中溴吡斯的明血浆浓度的方法.血浆样品经液-液萃取法处理,采用反相离子对色谱法分离,以溴新斯的明作为内标定量.实验结果显示溴吡斯的明和内标物洗脱时间分别为5.63min和9.76min,与血浆中内源性杂质良好分离.溴吡斯的明线性范围为0.02-2.00mg· L-1 (n=7,r=0...     

小半夏加茯苓汤单煎与合煎之间多糖含量及紫外扫描的差异

比较小半夏加茯苓汤单煎与合煎之间的差异.采用水提醇沉法提取多糖,以葡萄糖标准品进行对照测定多糖含量,紫外检测波长为198nm.通过峰位和吸光度值比较单煎液与合煎液的紫外扫描差异.小半夏加茯苓汤合煎液提取的多糖量较单煎液多,单煎液与合煎液紫外扫描基本一致,合煎液吸光度值较高.小半夏加茯苓汤合煎较单煎为优,尚不能完全说明是...     

不同提取方法对小花棘豆总生物碱提取率的影响

采用乙醇浸提-有机溶剂萃取法、超声波辅助提取法、乙醇浸提-柱层析分离法3种方法提取小花棘豆中的总生物碱,比较3种方法总生物碱的提取率.3种方法的总生物碱提取率分别为0.0008％、0.0032％、0.0080％.故选用乙醇浸提-柱层析分离法.通过正交试验,得到乙醇浸提最佳工艺条件为:提取温度30℃,乙醇浓度75％,物料...     

柳芽中总黄酮含量的测定

以芦丁为对照品,采用超声辅助法提取柳芽中的总黄酮,分光光度法测定其含量.样品浓度在0-0.3mg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.9999,柳芽中黄酮含量为3.08％,该方法简便、准确,可用于柳芽中总黄酮的含量测定.