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21.
G. Romera-Guereca J. Lichtenberg A. Hierlemann D. Poulikakos B. Kang 《Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science》2006,30(8):829-836
The explosive vaporization of a liquid above planar microheaters induces a fast increase of pressure that is exploited in many thermally driven actuators in MEMS components such as ink jet printer cartridges, pumps, valves and optical switches. Some of these components need to enclose the working fluid as it is the case of valves in which the heated liquid is separated from the flow that it regulates by a flexible membrane. To achieve a better insight into the thermodynamic processes involved, the present work investigates experimentally an enclosed microsystem designed and fabricated for this purpose, composed of a small liquid volume (8 nL) heated by a electric pulse for 2 μs supplied to a planar microfabricated heater. During the heating, the temperature-induced change in resistance can be determined by imposing a defined current and measuring the voltage drop over the heater. While the chip is based on a silicon substrate with integrated platinum heaters and sensors, the structure enclosing the fluid (cavity and fluidic access to it) is made of a silicone elastomer, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). This transparent material is widely used in microfluidics and allows for flexible and transparent walls that can be deflected by increasing the pressure inside the cavity. To seal the system the inlet and the outlet were closed by blocking them with a metallic stab. In the present work we visualize vaporization of isopropanol in contact with a suddenly heated planar resistor for two different cavity heights, 150 μm and 16 μm. The rate of temperature rise of the thin liquid layer in contact with the heater is of the order of 107 K s−1 for a pulse duration of 2 μs. We compare bubble growth and collapse for the open and closed systems. Compared to the open system, the bubble growth in the closed system is considerably damped. 相似文献
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A simple two step synthesis route for the preparation of several energetic multivalent nitrocarbamates of easily available alcohols is presented. The carbamates were obtained by the reaction of the alcohols and the reactive reagent chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) with subsequent aqueous work‐up. The nitration of the carbamates was performed with mixed acid (nitric and sulfuric acid). The thermal stabilities were explored by using differential scanning calorimetry and the energies of formation were calculated on the CBS‐4M level of theory, as well as several detonation and propulsion parameters for the application as energetic materials. All compounds were fully characterized and discussed in addition with single X‐ray diffraction. 相似文献
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建立了CO2激光器辐照微量爆炸物温升分布三维模型,对激光辐照过程和冷却过程中8~14μm和3~5μm波段内的目标表面辐射温度变化特性分别进行分析.利用设计的探测系统对目标进行初步探测,用8~14μm和3~5μm热像设备对目标进行观察分析.研究表明:在10.6μm激光照射过程中,8~14μm波段内沾有TNT目标的辐射温度分别由TNT、基底在8~14μm波段的发射率和对激光辐照的反射率共同决定;在3~5μm内目标辐射温度主要由TNT、基底在3~5μm波段的自身发射率决定.在探测过程中,8~14μm波段内沾染TNT区域的辐射温度明显高于周围区域,而在3~5μm波段内,目标表面辐射温度整体下降,并且沾染区域的辐射温度变得低于周围. 相似文献
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Terahertz spectroscopy techniques for explosives detection 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Megan R. Leahy-Hoppa Michael J. Fitch Robert Osiander 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2009,395(2):247-257
Spectroscopy in the terahertz frequency range has demonstrated unique identification of both pure and military-grade explosives.
There is significant potential for wide applications of the technology for nondestructive and nonintrusive detection of explosives
and related devices. Terahertz radiation can penetrate most dielectrics, such as clothing materials, plastics, and cardboard.
This allows both screening of personnel and through-container screening. We review the capabilities of the technology to detect
and identify explosives and highlight some of the critical works in this area. 相似文献
28.
为了准确、稳定、全面地获得炸药熔铸过程各个位置的温度变化情况,设计了基于布喇格光栅光谱频移的温度实时监测系统。通过光纤组网系统对炸药熔铸过程炸药指定位置的多个点同时进行实时温度监测,根据光栅的布喇格波长与光栅温度之间存在的线性关系,建立光栅布喇格波长线性频移与光栅温度的函数,获取炸药不同位置的准确温度。四个通道通过耦合器共用同一个宽带光源,每一根光纤上的5个光栅的布喇格波长相互分开。实验所用的光栅为自己设计封装好的光栅,用保偏熔接机将光栅与光纤熔接上,经解调仪获取温度数据。将获取的温度数据经Origin处理绘制时间―温度曲线。结果显示,布喇格光栅测得的温度能很好的满足实验要求。 相似文献
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The growth of the average size 〈smax〉 of the largest component at the percolation threshold pc(N) on a graph of size N has been defined as 〈smax(pc(N),N)〉∼Nχ. Here we argue that the precise value of the ‘growth exponent’ χ indicates the nature of percolation transition; χ<1 or χ=1 determines if the transition is continuous or discontinuous. We show that a related exponent η=1−χ which describes how the average maximal jump sizes in the Order Parameter decays on increasing the system size, is the single exponent that describes the finite-size scaling of a number of distributions related to the fastest growth of the Order Parameter in these problems. Excellent quality scaling analysis are presented for the two single peak distributions corresponding to the Order Parameters at the two ends of the maximal jump, the bimodal distribution constructed by the weighted average of these distributions and for the distribution of the maximal jump in the Order Parameter. 相似文献
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