Nitrogen‐Bridged Metallodiazaporphyrin Dimers: Synergistic Effects of Nitrogen Bridges and meso‐Nitrogen Atoms on Structure and Properties

NH‐bridged and pyrazine‐fused metallodiazaporphyrin dimers have been prepared from nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of 3‐amino‐5,15‐diazaporphyrin by Pd‐catalyzed C−N cross‐coupling and oxidative dimerization reactions, respectively. The synergistic effects of the nitrogen bridges and meso ‐nitrogen atoms play major roles in enhancing the light‐harvesting properties and delocalization of an electron spin over the entire π‐skeletons of the metallodiazaporphyrin dimers.     

The synthesis of new tetrabenzo- and tetranaphthoporphyrins via the addition reactions of 4,7-dihydroisoindole

The double bond in 4,7-dihydroisoindole derivatives was shown to be a useful reaction site to afford new porphyrinogenic pyrrolic precursors bearing substituted annelated rings via various addition reactions. These precursors are further used to afford new extended porphyrins substituted in the annelated rings. The Sharpless osmium-catalyzed dihydroxylation of dihydroisoindole system was shown to be useful in the synthesis of non-ionogenic water-soluble porphyrin, as well as tetrabenzoporphyrin bearing acetoxy-substituents in benzo-rings. The reverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction with tetrachlorothiophene-1,1-dioxide afforded new polychlorosubstituted tetranaphthoporphyrin.     

Study on ablative properties and mechanisms of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) composites containing different fillers

The ablative properties of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) composites filled with fumed silica, organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT), or expanded graphite (EG) were examined. The HNBR/OMMT composite has the lowest linear ablation rate and the highest mass ablation rate and does not tend to be carbonized. On the other hand, the HNBR/EG composite has the highest linear ablation rate and the lowest mass ablation rate, and is prone to carbonization. The ablative properties of the HNBR/silica composite are between those of HNBR/OMMT and HNBR/EG. From the viewpoint of thermal shielding capability, the HNBR/OMMT has the best ablation resistance. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) on different HNBR composites indicated that the filler type has no significant effect on the thermal stability of the composites. To understand the ablation mechanisms, the char layers of different HNBR composites after ablation experiments were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy disperse X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). The results showed that the porosity in the char layers of the HNBR/OMMT composite was the highest and the corresponding structure was the loosest of the three composites. The montmorillonite (MMT) dispersed in HNBR experienced phase transition, melting and vaporization when exposed to the flame with the temperature over 2000 °C. Fumed silica only melted at such situation. On the other hand, the EG kept their original crystalline structures after the ablation test. Based on these results, the effect of the filler type on the ablation mechanisms of the HNBR composites was discussed.     

Exciton-coupled charge-transfer dynamics in a porphyrin J-aggregate/TiO(2) complex

Exciton-coupled charge-transfer (CT) dynamics in TiO(2) nanoparticles (NP) sensitized with porphyrin J-aggregates has been studied by femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. J-aggregates of 5,10,15-triphenyl-20-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) porphyrin (TPPcat) form CT complexes on TiO(2) NP surfaces. Catechol-mediated strong CT coupling between J-aggregate and TiO(2) NP facilitates interfacial exciton dissociation for electron injection into the conduction band of the TiO(2) nanoparticle in pulse width limited time (<80 fs). Here, the electron-transfer (<80 fs) process dominates over the intrinsic exciton-relaxation process (J-aggregates: ca. 200 fs) on account of exciton-coupled CT interaction. The parent hole on J-aggregates is delocalized through J-aggregate excitonic coherence. As a result, holes immobilized on J-aggregates are spatially less accessible to electrons injected into TiO(2) , and thus the back electron transfer (BET) process is slower than that of the monomer/TiO(2) system. The J-aggregate/porphyrin system shows exciton spectral and temporal properties for better charge separation in strongly coupled composite systems.     

Analysis of volatiles associated with industrial scale processing of expanded polystyrene Part II: Identification and quantitation

Expanded polystyrene was pyrolyzed on a laboratory scale hot wire cutter. The resulting volatiles were characterized using GC/MS as the primary analytical tool. Use was also made of retention data from a complex petrochemical standard. In situ bromination of the pyrolysate further helped in structure elucidation. Air samples were collected in the field and compared to the model experiments from a laboratory scale hot wire cutter. The results indicate that alkylbenzene type compounds were the primary compounds in this environment. A few oxygenated substances were also formed. Traces of brominated compounds were detected in the model experiments but not in the samples collected in the field, with one exception. Quantitative data are presented from a typical industrial operation.     

膨胀石墨的Raman光谱研究

以波长为514.5nm的激光对550-920℃制备的膨胀石墨进行了Raman光谱研究,结果表明:膨胀石墨的Raman光谱与高取向热解石墨基本相同,分别在~1350、~1580、~2445、~2725、~3248和~4300cm-1处出现了相应的Raman位移;其中位于~1350、~2445和~4300cm-1的Raman峰位随着制备温度的不同会发生较大的移动,而不同温度制备的膨胀石墨位于~1580、~2725、~3248cm-1处的三个Ra-man峰位基本接近;~2725 cm-1处的二阶模包含两个分别位于2707和2730cm-1处的Raman峰。膨胀石墨的D模与G模强度比ID/IG随着温度升高下降,而D线的二阶模D*峰强ID*与IG的比值ID*/IG的大体变化趋势是随着温度升高而增大。     

Long-term prediction of compressive creep development in expanded polystyrene

The results obtained in investigating the creep of expanded polystyrene (EPS) boards under compressive stress are presented. Power and exponential equations were used for describing creep compliance. It was found that the curves of creep compliance approximated by both equations adequately represent the research results, taking into account the scatter of the experimental data. Based on the calculation and empirical estimate of long-term creep of EPS under compressive stress σ_c=(0.25–0.45)σ_10%, its creep compliance was determined for a period of 10 years in the future. The dependence of on the density of polystyrene boards and the value of long-term compressive stress σ_c was established. The expected values of creep strain development in expanded polystyrene boards EPS 80–EPS 250 under constant compressive stress σ_c=(0.25–0.45)σ_10% are presented for the prediction period of 10 years. To obtain the expected creep values for any other period of time in the interval of 5T50 years, the values of should be multiplied by the empirical coefficient .