关于超高分子量聚丙烯超拉伸膜的结构性能的研究——Ⅰ.拉伸取向过程的表征

用超高分子量聚丙烯的对二甲苯溶液中冷却析出的结晶沉积压制成的结晶垫,经热拉伸制备了不同拉伸倍数的薄膜.与用低分子量聚丙烯制备的结晶垫或熔融结晶物不同,超高分子量聚丙烯的结晶垫显示出极高的拉伸变形性能,因而制得了高达69倍的拉伸样品.WAXD照片表明在未拉伸的结晶垫中,微晶的c轴沿结晶垫法线方向择优取向,但仅经2-4倍的拉伸,微晶即发生破裂,且产生的较小的折叠链微晶已转向沿拉伸轴方向取向;晶区取向因子在拉伸过程中迅速增加并在较低拉伸倍数下即接近于理想取向.但非晶区取向因子在整个拉伸领域中增加缓慢.随拉伸倍数的增大,晶粒尺寸D_(110)及D_(040)逐渐减小;而长周期L逐渐增加.这表明在高倍拉伸样品中存在着折叠链被从片晶中拉出并部分形成伸直链结晶的转变.     

Crystallization,melting and structure of polypropylene/poly(vinylidene-fluoride) blends

Blends were prepared from isotactic polypropylene (iPP) along with its b-nucleated form and poly(vinylidene-fluoride) (PVDF). Melting, and crystallization characteristics as well as structure of the blends were studied by polarized light microscopy (PLM) and differential scanning calorimetry. According to PLM studies, the phase structure of these blends is heterogeneous in the molten state. The temperature range of crystallization of PVDF during cooling is higher than that of iPP. PVDF has a strong α-nucleating effect on iPP. The crystallization of iPP starts on the surface of dispersed PVDF droplets and an α-transcrystalline layer forms on the surface of the crystalline PVDF phase. The iPP matrix crystallizes predominantly in a-form in spite of the presence of a highly active b-nucleating agent. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Crystallization of oriented smectic polypropylene I. Thermally induced crystallization

The crystallization induced by thermal treatments of smectic polypropylene fibres has been studied. Analysis was carried out detecting the density and X-ray diffractograms. Density and diffraction data disagree on two important aspects: the critical temperature necessary to activate the crystallization process, and the effects of annealing time on the growth process. The first point seems to suggest that the observed densification at the lower temperatures is related to phenomena differing from a crystallization process, while the observed effects of the annealing time can be explained by assuming that the anisotropy of the fibre structure induces anisotropy in the phase transition and growth process. On the other hand, density and diffraction data agree in indicating that the rate and degree of crystallization increase on increasing the crystallization temperature.     

膨胀石墨微观孔结构的特点及其表征

膨胀石墨是一种疏松多孔的颗粒状新型碳材料［1，2］．由于在膨化过程中产生了丰富的孔结构，新鲜表面大为增加[3，4]，因此具有很好的吸附性能．探讨这种新材料孔结构的特征对于深入研究其吸附行为有重要意义．但目前尚没有对膨胀石墨孔结构进行系统研究的报导，本文采用低温N     

A DYNAMIC MECHANICAL ANALYSIS STUDY OF THE TRANSITION BEHAVIOUR OF I-PP/EPDM BLENDS

The transition behaviour of the blends of isotactic polypropylene (i-PP) with ethylene-propylene terpolymer (EPDM) containing 42 wt% propylene was investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis technique (DMA). Owing to its high propylene content, EPDM is compatible with i-PP to some degree. The interaction between the two components was strengthened. As expected, for partially compatible system the glass transition temperature of i-PP in the blends shifted to lower temperature. It was found that there existed two transitions, αEPDM and βEPDM, for the EPDM used in this work. The former was considered to be the glass transition of the random chain segments of EPDM, while the latter the local motion of the long ethylene sequences in EPDM. The unusual transition behaviour of αEPDM in the blends was explained in terms of the greater thermal expansion of EPDM and the compatibility of the two components. On the other hand, the βEPDM changed with the composition of the blends in a regular manner.     

Optimization of scratch resistance and mechanical properties in wollastonite‐reinforced polypropylene copolymers

The aim of this research was to establish a balance between scratch resistance and scratch damage visibility in the wollastonite‐filled heterophasic polypropylene copolymers.The influences of various factors including the surface hardness, elasticity, friction coefficient, and combinations thereof on the scratch behavior (scratch resistance and scratch visibility) were elucidated. Using micro‐scale and nano‐scale scratch tests and image analysis techniques, the scratch hardness, scratch depth, and scratch visibility of the composites were characterized.It was found that the introduction of wollastonite in the polypropylene copolymer matrix contributes to ductile fracture behavior because of an induced crystallization alteration. Accordingly, the scratch resistance of reinforced composites revealed an increase as a result of higher stiffness of the wollastonite as well as contribution of new crystalline structure. The addition of siloxane to the composites improved the resistance to surface damage by lowering the surface friction coefficient originated from enhanced chain mobility. Simultaneous addition of high density polyethylene and siloxane induced a significant influence on the resistance to the scratch damage. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

膨胀石墨制备及其1.064μm激光消光性能

基于两步氧化插层先驱体法制备了不同膨胀体积的膨胀石墨,分析了先驱体、膨胀石墨的微观结构和微观形貌;利用静态测试系统测试了膨胀石墨对1.064 μm激光的消光行为,据此计算了其对1.064 μm激光的质量消光系数,得到了该系数与膨胀体积的依赖关系,并从消光机理进行了原因分析.结果表明:通过控制和优化先驱体合成条件,可以制得膨胀体积高达600 mL· g-1的膨胀石墨;两步插层导致先驱体的层间距(d002)明显大于天然石墨,当其d002从0.359 0 nm增至0.371 1 nm时,所得膨胀石墨的膨胀体积从267mL·g-1增至600mL·g-1;膨胀石墨平均质量消光系数与膨胀体积呈近似线性关系,当膨胀体积由233mL·g-1增至600mL·g-1时,该系数从0.20 m2·g-1升至0.48m2·g-1;膨胀石墨对1.064 μm激光呈非选择性散射,膨胀体积大,导致几何面积大,对1.064μm激光的散射能力增强;同时,膨胀石墨中出现了更深的孔隙或孔腔,可作为等效黑体增强对入射激光的吸收.     

Effect of Dihydromyricetin on the Stability of Polypropylene in Natural Weathering Tests

Effects of dihydromyricetin (DMY), extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata, on the antioxidantive properties of polypropylene were evaluated by investigating differences in mechanical properties and melt flowability between pre- and post-natural weathering tests. For comparison purposes, the effects of a synthetic phenolic commercial antioxidant (Irganox 1010) were also analyzed. The results showed that reduction in mechanical properties and increment in melt flowability of polypropylene containing DMY were slower than that of unstabilized reference during the aging process, which implies that DMY exhibits high efficiency as a thermal antioxidant for polypropylene. On the other hand, samples that contained Irganox 1010 obtained further improved stability over the samples containing DMY during 105 days; however, the effectiveness of DMY lasted longer than that of Irganox 1010. DMY has a characteristic of being harmless and having high activity, good stability, and abundant resources to be a good natural antioxidant.     

Investigating morphological and performance deterioration of injection-molded rice husk–polypropylene composites due to various liquid uptakes

Systematic investigations for the tensile strengths, tensile moduli, flexural strengths, flexural moduli, and impact strengths of various reinforced conditions of rice husk–polypropylene composites under the effect of different liquids uptakes were carried out. Three different liquids, i.e., lubricant oil, sea water, and distilled water, were utilized in this work to investigate their effects on the composites’ mechanical performance. Moreover, morphological analysis of the designed composites was also carried out. Various fiber loadings at 35, 40, 45, 50, and 55 wt% have been designed and investigated. The rice husk–polypropylene composites have been prepared by injection molding, and struktol was used as an additive. The composites were immersed in three different liquids—lubricant oil, sea water, and distilled water—for 4 weeks. The water uptake of rice husk–polypropylene composites for distilled water was the highest compared to lubricant oil and sea water. Moreover, results have demonstrated that mechanical properties of composites immersed in sea water were the best, followed by those immersed in lubricant oil, and then those immersed in distilled water. In addition, it was observed that more voids and pull-out existed in composites immersed in lubricant oil, followed by those immersed in distilled water, and then those immersed in sea water. Tensile moduli showed a reduction trend for all composites with increasing filler loading. However, flexural moduli improved as the filler loading increased. Also, results here demonstrated an optimum filler loading condition for each particular mechanical property of rice husk–polypropylene composites.     

Preparation, structure and properties of PP-g-AA grafting copolymer

Polypropylene grafting with AA was prepared by reactive extrusion with pre-irradiated PP (rPP) as the homogeneous initiator. The effects of the pre-irradiated dose, the fraction of rPP and the concentration of acrylic acid on the grafting reaction were studied and the grafted PP was characterized by Fourier transition infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and polarized light microscopy (PLM). The results show that the degradation of PP was suppressed efficiently with this novel method for preparing PP-g-AA copolymers, and the grafted copolymers with good mechanical properties were obtained. It was found that the product with higher graft degree (G _d)(0.19%) and relatively excellent mechanical properties can be produced if the mass ratio of PP/rPP/AA is 90:10:0.8, where the selected pre-irradiation dose of rPP is 4 kGy. Moreover, an adhesive strength of 4.88 kN/m was reached in the PP-g-AA/aluminum laminate. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2007, 24(7): 737–741 [译自: 应用化学]