(e, 2e) triple differential cross section for ionization-excitation of helium

Simultaneous ionization and excitation of helium by electron impact is considered in an improved second Born approximation. The wave function of the low energy ejected electron is obtained in the field of residual He⁺ ion in 2s-state. The calculation has been done for the processe ⁻+He→e ⁻+He⁺(2s)+e ⁻ in the coplanar asymmetric geometry with Hartree-Fock wave function of Byron and Joachain for the helium ground state and the results are compared with the absolute experimental data of Dupreet al [J. Phys. B25, 259 (1992)] at ∼ 5.5 keV incident energy. Our results are found to increase the ratio of the recoil peak to binary peak intensity by about 30% over the first Born results and thus to bring it closer to the experimental data.     

方波激发下Er~(3+)上转换红光激发机理的研究

用方波电源驱动808 nm激光二极管(LD)激发Er3+掺杂的亚碲酸盐氟氧化物玻璃,测量4F9/2能级上转换发光的上升和衰减,根据上升的时间常数确定中间能级的寿命,从而确定4F9/2能级粒子数积累的过程。通过建立速率方程模型分析4F9/2能级的上升和衰减特性与中间能级的关系,确定808 nm LD激发下上转换红光的激发机理,同时提供了一种通过上转换发光,用光电倍增管测量红外能级寿命的方法。     

Effects of electron levels broadening and electron temperature in tunnel structures based on metal nanoclusters

We study the influence of energy levels broadening and electron subsystem overheating in island electrode (cluster) on current-voltage characteristics of three-electrode structure. A calculation scheme for broadening effect in one-dimensional case is suggested. Estimation of broadening is performed for electron levels in disc-like and spherical gold clusters. Within the two-temperature model of metallic cluster and by using a size dependence of the Debye frequency the effective electron temperature as a function of bias voltage is found approximately. For helium temperature of ion subsystem, the heating temperature of electrons in a quantum disc is almost one order of magnitude higher than that in a sphere; it achieves thousands of Kelvin. We suggest that the effects of broadening and electron overheating are responsible for the smoothing of current-voltage curves, which is observed experimentally at low temperatures in structures based on clusters consisting of accountable number of atoms. However, a role of the broadening is much more significant.     

Radiative Lifetimes of Some 5d10n2F and 5d10n2P Levels of Hg+

Radiative lifetimes of 8p²P_3/1 (15.3 ns) and nf²F (7f²F_5/2 - 24.7 m. 7f²F_7/2 - 5.5 ns, 8f²F_7/2 - 48.5 ns, 8f²F_5/2 - 47.0 ns) levels of Hg⁺ have been measured employing delayed coincidence method. The dependencies of radiative lifetimes vs effective principal quantum number for np²P_3/2 and np²F_7/2 series are non linear.     

A High Resolution Study of the Shock Excited Spectrum of Yttrium Oxide

Abstract

The blue-green (B²? X²?) and orange (A²? –X²?) systems of yttrium oxide have been shock excited at temperatures of about 4000°K and photographed at high dispersion (～ 1.2Å/mm) in the first order of a 21 ft. grating spectrograph. The high dispersion shock excited spectra were recorded using multiple exposures and latensification of extremely high speed film. Over 50 new bands have been observed and assigned to specific vibrational transitions for the systems. New molecular constants have been derived from the A, B and X states. Provisional calculations have been made of Franck-Condon factors and r-centroids for the systems appropriate to new constants.     

Discrete breathers in nonlinear Schrödinger hypercubic lattices with arbitrary power nonlinearity

We study two specific features of onsite breathers in Nonlinear Schrödinger systems on d-dimensional cubic lattices with arbitrary power nonlinearity (i.e., arbitrary nonlinear exponent, n): their wavefunctions and energies close to the anti-continuum limit-small hopping limit-and their excitation thresholds. Exact results are systematically compared to the predictions of the so-called exponential ansatz (EA) and to the solution of the single nonlinear impurity model (SNI), where all nonlinearities of the lattice but the central one, where the breather is located, have been removed. In 1D, the exponential ansatz is more accurate than the SNI solution close to the anti-continuum limit, while the opposite result holds in higher dimensions. The excitation thresholds predicted by the SNI solution are in excellent agreement with the exact results but cannot be obtained analytically except in 1D. An EA approach to the SNI problem provides an approximate analytical solution that is asymptotically exact as n tends to infinity. But the EA result degrades as the dimension, d, increases. This is in contrast to the exact SNI solution which improves as n and/or d increase. Finally, in our investigation of the SNI problem we also prove a conjecture by Bustamante and Molina [C.A. Bustamante, M.I. Molina, Phys. Rev. B 62 (23) (2000) 15287] that the limiting value of the bound state energy is universal when n tends to infinity.     

Excitation-power dependence of the near-band-edge photoluminescence of ZnO inverse opals and nanocrystal films

The excitation-power dependence of the near-band-edge emission in ZnO inverse opals and nanocrystal films has been studied. The dependence of the photoluminescence intensity I on the excitation power L can be described by a power law, i.e., I∼L^α, where α is an exponent that is often used to identify the origin of the near-band-edge emission from semiconductors in previous models. However, in this work, it was found that the values of α show a strong variation between ZnO inverse opals and nanocrystal films. And our results show that the change of α is mainly caused by the laser heating effects. Therefore, the value of α could not be simply employed to unequivocally evaluate the origin of the near-band-edge emission in complex nanostructures.     

Computation of large systems with an economic basis set: systems in excited states

An economic basis set for ab initio calculations of systems in excited states has been studied. The economic basis set, in which the polarization functions are applied only to oxygen (O), while the 6-31G basis set is used for carbon (C) and hydrogen (H), is shown to save considerable computing time and to give reliable geometric and frequency measurements. In addition, the economic basis set has been considered for obtaining reliable excitation energies, with the correction factor, using high-level single-point energy calculations. This study is expected to shed light on basis set selection for computations of large systems in excited states.     

Efficient Visible-Light-Activated Ultra-Long Room-Temperature Phosphorescence Triggered by Multi-Esterification

The development of ultra-long room-temperature phosphorescence (UL-RTP) in processable amorphous organic materials is highly desirable for applications in flexible displays, anti-counterfeiting, and bio-imaging. However, achieving efficient UL-RTP from amorphous materials remains a challenging task, especially with activation by visible light and a bright afterglow. Here we report a general and rational molecular-design strategy to enable efficient visible-light-excited UL-RTP by multi-esterification of a rigid large-plane phosphorescence core. Notably, multi-esterification minimizes the aggregation-induced quenching and accomplishes a ′four birds with one stone′ possibility in the generation and radiation process of UL-RTP: i) shifting the excitation from ultraviolet light to blue-light through enhancing the transition dipole moment of low-lying singlet-states, ii) facilitating the intersystem crossing process through the incorporation of lone-pair electrons, iii) boosting the decay process of long-lived triplet excitons resulting from a significantly increased transition dipole moment, and iv) reducing the intrinsic triplet nonradiative decay by substitution of high-frequency vibrating hydrogen atoms. All these factors synergistically contribute to the most efficient and stable visible-light-stimulated UL-RTP (lifetime up to 2.01 s and efficiency up to 35.4 % upon excitation at 450 nm) in flexible films using multi-esterified coronene, which allows high-tech applications in single-component time-delayed white light-emitting diodes and information technology based on flashlight-activated afterglow encryption.