Enantioselective synthesis of (2S,3′R,7′Z)-N-(3′-hydroxy-7′-tetradecenoyl)-homoserine lactone

A concise enantioselective total synthesis of (2S,3′R,7′Z)-N-(3′-hydroxy-7′-tetradecenoyl)-homoserine lactone is described. Key feature of this protocol is a catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation and a prophenol-zinc-catalyzed diazo addition to imine reaction as genesis of chirality. Moreover, flexibility is built in the synthesis to generate enantioenriched analogs using catalytic amount of enantioenriched C₂-symmetric ligands.     

The influence of water on the memory effect of the amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate) stationary phase

Acid/base modifiers are sometimes used as additives in normal phase elution on columns packed with CHIRALPAK^® AD^®. These modifiers affect enantioseparations in ways that are not yet fully understood for the lack of systematic studies. Shifts of the selectivity of certain pairs of enantiomers upon exposure of the column to these modifiers is amply documented. Furthermore, once the modifier has been removed from the mobile phase, the modified selectivity remains, which has been named the Memory Effect. After a column has been exposed to an eluent stream containing acidic/basic modifiers, this particular column no longer separates certain enantiomeric pairs with the same selectivity as a modifier naive column. This makes the transfer of developed methods from one to other CHIRALPAK AD columns difficult to predict, if the selectivity needs to be similar between the two columns. We selected four enantiomeric pairs for a systematic study of this Memory Effect. The selectivity of 4-chlorophenylalanine ethyl ester improves after a solution of ethanesulfonic acid (ESA) is percolated through the column. The selectivity of Propranolol and Tröger's base increases after a solution of Diiospropylamine is percolated through the column. The selectivity of Propranolol and Tröger's base enantiomers is inversely affected by percolation of the acid solution. The 4-chlorophenylalanine ethyl ester enantiomers is inversely affected by percolation of the base solution. In contrast, the selectivity of trans-stilbene oxide (TSO) is not affected by either modifier. Analytical studies of the stationary phase suggest that slow protonation/deprotonation of water molecules attached to the carbamate moiety may be responsible for the acid/base Memory Effect. To further the understanding of the effect of water on the Memory Effect, mobile phases – spiked with water (0.01–0.43%) – were used to measure changes in the Memory Effect. Finally, we showed that the influence of water on the Memory Effect can be minimized by percolating through the column a sufficiently concentrated solution of the appropriate base while using dried mobile phases.     

Synthesis and crystal structure of ethyl benzimidazole-2-yl phosphonate

When N-cyanoimido-( O,O-diethyl)phosphonyl/S-methyl thiocarbonate (1) was treated with o-phenylenediamine in the presence of Et3N in ethanol,diethyl benzimidazole-2-yl phos-phonate (2) was obtained and hydrolyzed during the recrys-tallization in MeOH/H2O,generating ethyl benzimidazole-2-yl phosphonate (3).Hie crystal structure of compound 3 was determined by X-ray diffraction method.The crystals belong to monoclinic,space group C2/c,a = 1.78408(18) ,6 = 0.83725(9),c= 1.67401(18) nm,β= 118.997(2),V = 2.1870(4) nm3,Z = 8,Dc=1.374 g/cm3,F(000)=944.The final R and wR are 0.0499 and 0.1436,respectively.The mechanism of the above reaction is also discussed.     

(μ3-S)Fe2CoCu(PPh3)2(CO)8催化苯乙烯环丙烷化反应研究

以异核金属原子簇合物为催化剂的配位催化反应, 已在均相催化反应中得到应用. 簇合物中不同金属间的协同作用使其在催化领域展现出广阔的应用前景[1]. 然而,催化反应中簇合物是否以完整的骨架起催化作用,一直是人们关注的焦点. 在金属原子簇作催化剂前体的均相催化反应中,迄今只在少数的例子中有确凿的证据表明原子簇整体分子起催化作用[2]. 一般认为,在配位饱和的金属簇合物的催化反应中,簇合物稳定性越好,催化活性越差;而活性好的催化剂前体,簇合物骨架常解体.     

生物合理设计光系统Ⅱ抑制剂研究(Ⅵ)——2-氰基-3-甲硫基-3-烷氨(苄氨)基丙烯酸乙酯的合成及其Hill反应抑制活性

选择光合作用作为除草剂的作用靶标是当今世界创制无公害农药的需要 .近年来 ,Deisenhofer等 [1]采用 X射线衍射法成功地解析了紫色菌光合作用中电子传递系统有关蛋白的立体结构 ,这一研究成果使得基于受体模型设计新型光合作用抑制剂具有希望 .这种借鉴分子生物学的成果 ,合理设计新型抑制光合作用除草剂的方法与传统的设计合成新药完全不同 ,它更有希望在较短的时间内取得突破性进展 ,得到高活性化合物 ,该领域已成为当今世界研究的热点 .研究结果表明 ,光合作用电子传递抑制剂大多作用于同一靶标光合作用 PS 中质体醌 QB结合部位 [2 ]…     

乳液体系中影响分散相粒子大小及分布的因素——cmcO及cmcW的协同作用

用马尔文MastersizerMicroplus型激光粒度仪对液体石蜡及环氧树脂E-20与甲苯等有机溶剂以不同比例所形成的体系经乳化后的粒子大小及分布进行研究,结果表明,随着油溶性表面活性剂在油相中溶解性的改善,分散相的粒子大小及分布也明显得到改善.cmcO及cmcW的协同作用对获得理想的分散相粒子大小及分布起到了至关重要的作用     

奎宁修饰的纳米铑簇合物催化丙酮酸乙酯对映选择性加氢反应研究

研究了奎宁作手性修饰剂修饰的负载型纳米铑簇合物催化剂 (Rh/ PVP-γ-Al2 O3)催化丙酮酸乙酯不对称氢化反应 ,在该反应中手性修饰剂奎宁不仅具有手性诱导作用 ,而且还有明显加速反应的作用 ;载体γ-Al2 O3在促进提高催化剂活性和对映选择性方面也有很重要的影响 .在优化的反应条件 [2 0℃ ,7.0 MPaH2 ,c(奎宁 ) =3 .86× 1 0 - 3mol/ L,四氢呋喃作溶剂 ]下 ,丙酮酸乙酯不对称加氢的转化频率 (TOF)为871 h- 1 ,对映选择性达到了 5 4.7% ;反应温度降低到 3℃时 ,对映选择性达到 5 9.2 % .     

乙基罗丹明B-磷钒钼杂多酸-PVA体系超高灵敏显色反应的研究及应用

研究了乙基罗丹明B 磷钒钼杂多酸 PVA体系超高灵敏显色反应的适宜条件、灵敏度和选择性 ,及在实际工作中的应用。缔合物的最大吸收波长为 5 86nm ,表观摩尔吸光系数为 1.4×10 5L·mol- 1·cm- 1。方法用于钢铁、化学试剂和铬铁矿等中痕量磷的直接测定 ,结果满意     

Translucent nanolatexes through emulsion polymerisation of ethyl acrylate

Turbid emulsion systems of ethylacrylate/sodium dodecyl sulphate/water with monomer to surfactant (M/S) ratios 10 and 40 were transformed into stable transparent/translucent nanolatexes through emulsion polymerisation using potassium persulphate as an initiator. The latex particle size was observed to be similar to that obtained by true microemulsion polymerisation where M/S ratio is one. The kinetic plots exhibited two intervals upto M/S ratios 10. AIBN initiated systems showed separation of two phases for the M/S ratio ?10. M/S ratios were varied from 1 to 54 for the comparative study of polymerisation in emulsion and microemulsion media. Gel effect dominance was observed around 40-60% conversion for the microemulsion polymerisation of ethylacrylate. Only one chain per particle was observed for microemulsion system with M/S ratio 1 and three to four chains per particle were observed for the systems with M/S ratios 10 and 40. Unlike M/S=1 system, higher dependency of polymerisation rate on initiator concentration was observed for the systems with M/S=10 and 40. A possible mechanism for such a transformation has been proposed.     

A Theoretical Investigation of the Decomposition Reactions of Ethyl Formate in the S0 State

This study revisits the stability of the possible conformations and the decomposition reactions of ethyl formate in the S₀ state using the (U)MP2, MP4SDTQ, CCSD(T), and (U)B3LYP methods with various basis sets. The transition states of the decomposition channels to HCOOH + C₂H₄, CO + CH₃CH₂OH, CH₂O + CH₃CHO, HCOH + CH₃CHO, C₂H₆ + CO₂, and H₂ + CH₂CHOCHO are determined. The microcanonical rate constants derived from the RRKM theory are calculated for each of the decomposition reactions. The high‐pressure limit rate constants are calculated for the decomposition channels to HCOOH + C₂H₄, CO + CH₃CH₂OH, and CH₂O + CH₃CHO.