对钠离子有选择性的中性载体

合成了十一种中性离子载体,用它们制成钠离子选择性电极,测定了电极的选择性系数并与文献报道的类似电极进行了比较。     

高分子合金分离膜材料及结构研究进展

膜材料液相共混制备高分子合金分离膜不但可以调节膜材料与被分离物的亲和性，也在一定程度上改变了膜的结构。本文介绍高分子材料浓相共混对膜材料的亲水性、耐污染性及其它理化性能的影响和对膜结构的调节作用，同时指出高分子材料间的相容性是影响合金膜结构的重要因素。     

An algorithm for the calculation of the electrostatic repulsion between surface coated with a charge membrane

We propose a numerical procedure for the calculation of the electrostatic repulsion force between two identical, parallel surfaces immersed in anab electrolyte solution. These surfaces are coated with an ion-penetrable membrane carrying fixed charges. The amount of fixed charges is governed by the dissociation of the functional groups in the membrane phase. The effect of pH on the degree of dissociation of these functional groups is taken into account. The difficulty of extensive use of Jacobi elliptic function in the numerical treatment of Poisson-Boltzmann equation can be circumvented by resorting to the present algorithm.     

高水相W／O型乳化膏体油膜稳定性的研究

高水相Ｗ／Ｏ型乳液是指水相体积占７４％以上，属于高度不稳定的分散体系［１，２］．乳化炸药的问世，使这种高水相Ｗ／Ｏ型乳液有了新的实际应用．这种炸药是９０％～９５％重的硝酸铵盐（占水相８０％～９０％重）水溶液高度分散在５％～１０％的油相中构成Ｗ／Ｏ型乳...     

Photocatalytic and antifouling properties of TiO2-based photocatalytic membranes

Photocatalysis has been extensively studied due to its potential ability to avoid the excessive use of chemical reagents and reduce the energy consumption by employing solar energy. Moreover, to alleviate the reduction in the membrane permeation selectivity, separation efficiency, and membrane service life caused by the emerging micro-pollutants and membrane fouling, membrane technology is often coupled with microbial, electrochemical, and catalytic processes. However, although physical/chemical cleaning and membrane module replacement can overcome the inherent limitations caused by membrane fouling and other membrane separation processes, high operating costs limit their practical applications. In this review, common preparation methods for TiO₂ photocatalytic membranes are described in detail, and the main approaches to enhancing their photocatalytic performance are discussed. More importantly, the mechanism of the TiO₂ photocatalytic membrane antifouling process is elucidated, and some applications of photocatalytic membranes in other areas are described. This review systematically outlines future research directions in the field of photocatalytic membrane modification, including metal and non-metal doping, fabrication of heterojunction structures, control over reaction conditions, increase in hydrophilicity, and increase in membrane porosity.     

液膜法处理含氟废水

为了防止含氟废水的污染,人们研究了多种除氟方法,液膜技术是一项新的分离工艺,它操作简单,试剂用量少,有机相可重复利用。本文利用伯胺作迁移载体处理高含量的含氟废水,分离效率较好。 伯胺N_(1923)(简写RNH_2)为流动载体,上胺N_(205)(上海石油化工厂)为表面活性剂,煤油为溶剂。将内相CaCl_2,溶液与油相(含N_(1923)、N_(205)和煤油)按一定体积比例混合,高速搅拌,制成W/O     

The effects of polymer chain rigidification, zeolite pore size and pore blockage on polyethersulfone (PES)-zeolite A mixed matrix membranes

The polyethersulfone (PES)-zeolite 3A, 4A and 5A mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were fabricated with a modified solution-casting procedure at high temperatures close to the glass transition temperatures (T_g) of polymer materials. The effects of membrane preparation methodology, zeolite loading and pore size of zeolite on the gas separation performance of these mixed matrix membranes were studied. SEM results show the interface between polymer and zeolite in MMMs experiencing natural cooling is better (i.e., less defective) than that in MMMs experiencing immediate quenching. The increment of glass transition temperature (T_g) of MMMs with zeolite loading confirms the polymer chain rigidification induced by zeolite. The experimental results indicate that a higher zeolite loading results in a decrease in gas permeability and an increase in gas pair selectivity. The unmodified Maxwell model fails to correctly predict the permeability decrease induced by polymer chain rigidification near the zeolite surface and the partial pore blockage of zeolites by the polymer chains. A new modified Maxwell model is therefore proposed. It takes the combined effects of chain rigidification and partial pore blockage of zeolites into calculation. The new model shows much consistent permeability and selectivity predication with experimental data. Surprisingly, an increase in zeolite pore size from 3 to 5 Å generally not only increase gas permeability, but also gas pair selectivity. The O₂/N₂ selectivity of PES-zeolite 3A and PES-zeolite 4A membranes is very similar, while the O₂/N₂ selectivity of PES-zeolite 5A membranes is much higher. This implies the blockage may narrow a part of zeolite 5A pores to approximately 4 Å, which can discriminate the gas pair of O₂ and N₂, and narrow a part of zeolites 3A and 4A pores to smaller sizes. It is concluded that the partial pore blockage of zeolites by the polymer chains has equivalent or more influence on the separation properties of mixed matrix membranes compared with that of the polymer chain rigidification.     

Impact Responses of Prismatic Lithium-Ion Battery Based on the Membrane Factor Method北大核心CSCD

Aimed at the internal short circuit problem due to large deformation of the prismatic lithium-ion battery cell under impact loadings, a simplified battery model was first established. Then the motion equations of velocity and displacement based on the membrane factor method were proposed. With the effects of the face-sheet thickness and the densification region on the normalized final deflection, impact response characteristics of prismatic battery cells were investigated in detail. The results show that, the improved motion equations involving the membrane factor can reflect the dynamic response mechanisms of the prismatic battery cell under impact loadings, and the large deflection under high-speed impact can be predicted. With the increase of the face-sheet thickness, the deflection of the battery cell’s lower part decreases obviously. However, the densification region expands with the face-sheet thickness. The deflection and the densification region of the cell’s lower part both increase with the inner core density of the battery. This proposed impact model provides a theoretical guidance for the multi-functional integrated dynamic design of prismatic battery cells. © 2022 Editorial Office of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. All rights reserved.     

A new biomaterial,hen egg shell membrane,to eliminate heavy metal ion from their dilute waste solution

The egg shell membrane (ESM) is an intricate lattice network of stable and water-insoluble fibers with high surface area. ESM accumulates and eliminates various heavy metal ions from dilute aqueous solution with high affinity and in short contact time, depending on pH and characteristics of the individual ion. Under certain conditions, the level of precious ions, Au, Pt, and Pd accumulation approaches 55, 25, and 22% of dry wt of ESM, respectively. Also uranium uptake 30% of that of ESM. Experiments suggested that ESM is promising to use for the purpose of removal/recovery of metals and water pollution control.