顶空气相色谱法测定养血清脑颗粒中的乙醇残留

以正丙醇作为内标,顶空气相色谱法定量检测养血清脑颗粒中有机溶剂乙醇的残留量.色谱柱为HP-INNOWAX(30m×0.25mm×0.5μm),FID检测器,载气为氮气.结果表明待测物在0.05-2μL·mL<'-1>范围内有良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均回收率为101.7%,检出限为0.004μL·mL<'-...     

CsCl-C2H5OH-H2O三元体系多温下平衡溶解度的研究

采用自制微型平衡溶解度测定装置,测定了CsCl-C₂H₅OH-H₂O三元体系全温度范围内的平衡溶解度,绘制成相应的相图.首次报道氯化铯在乙醇水混合溶剂中于30,40和50℃时的分层现象,通过实验得到氯化铯在乙醇水混合溶剂中的分层温度.用Schreinemarkers"湿渣结线法"确定实验温度范围的平衡固相为无水CsCl.     

Electrocatalytic detection of NADH and ethanol at glassy carbon electrode modified with electropolymerized films from methylene green

The oxidation of NADH on electropolymerizing methylene green (MG)-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is described. The modified electrode shows an excellent electrocatalytic activity toward NADH oxidation, reducing its overpotential by about 650 mV and exhibits a wide linear range of 5.6–420 μM NADH with the detection limit of 3.8 μM. The electrode displays a good reproducibility and stability and the coexisting species does not affect the determination of NADH. The application in the amperometric biosensing of ethanol using alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme (ADH) also has been demonstrated with this electrode. MG-modified GCE can not only be used to detect NADH in biochemical reaction, but also can be used as the potential matrix of the construction of dehydrogenases biosensor.     

用激光拉曼光谱研究液态乙醇的水合作用过程

为研究室温下乙醇-水二元混合物内部的分子间缔合情形,测得了不同体积配比溶液的拉曼光谱,发现位于2 800~3 050 cm-1波数区间的C—H伸缩振动频率随乙醇中加入水量的增加整体呈现蓝移趋势,而位于1 048 cm-1附近的CO伸缩振动频率的变化规律却与此相反。分析认为,这种现象主要由溶液内部分子间发生的不同水合作用所致,并据此阐明了液态乙醇的水合作用过程:水分子首先与纯乙醇中的自缔合短链发生氢键缔合作用,形成了含有较多乙醇分子数的乙醇水合团簇,直到溶液中水的体积含量达到50%时,乙醇的水合作用达到暂时饱和;而当水的体积含量继续增加到70%以后,水分子致使原有乙醇水合团簇解离形成较小尺寸的团簇,并与解离点位上的乙醇分子羟基发生进一步水合作用;而后,当水体积含量增至一定程度后,还会导致乙醇分子疏水基CH基团与水分子间形成弱氢键C—H…O。     

乙醇对环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶催化作用的影响

采用紫外吸收光谱法测定了乙醇、环已烷与β-环糊精包合反应稳定常数及自由能变化, 确定乙醇与β-环糊精的包合反应稳定常数K_s=4.71 L/mol, ΔG=-3.84 kJ/mol; 环己烷与β-环糊精包合反应的K_s=19.56 L/mol, ΔG=-7.37 kJ/mol. 环己烷与β-环糊精的结合能力大大高于乙醇, 故用乙醇提高其产率的机理不同于传统工艺中所添加的环己烷. 通过测定乙醇对环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶催化作用的影响进一步探究其作用机理. 结果表明, 乙醇不仅能提高环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶环化作用的活力, 并在一定程度上阻止对转化环糊精有抑制作用的小分子糖的形成, 还可以减轻环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶对环糊精的水解及偶合作用, 从而提高环糊精的产率.     

Potential bioactive secondary metabolites of Actinomycetes sp. isolated from rocky soils of the heritage village Rijal Alma,Saudi Arabia

The present study was designed to discover novel secondary antibiotic metabolites from Actinomycetes species from the soil of Rijal Almaa, Saudi Arabia. A laboratory-scale benchtop fermentation was utilized for the demonstration of antibiotics from the soil actinomycetes. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectroscopy analysis of the fermented product (FP) was carried out, which showed unique fingerprint regions indicating the presence of phenolic hydroxyl groups, aliphatic compounds, carboxylic groups, esters, isothiocyanate, etc. GC-MS analysis of the FP depicted the unique structures of secondary metabolites, such as cyclononasiloxane octadecamethyl, cercosporin, ethyl iso-allocholate, octadecane, 3-ethyl-5-(2-ethylbutyl), dasycarpidan-1-methanol (acetate), heptadecane, 9-hexyl-, phthalic acid-butyl, and octadecane, 3-ethyl-5-(2-ethylbutyl). The TGA analysis showed the thermal stability of FP and the initial weight loss in FP was observed at 277.29 °C. The ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectra of FP analysis demonstrated the various characteristic peaks presence of secondary metabolites. The XRD analysis at 2θ revealed distinct particles based on specific diffraction peaks. A set of six human bacterial pathogens, namely, the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes), and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), were utilized for screening. The FP exhibited promising antibacterial effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial organisms. The antibacterial spectrum of activity was greater for E. coli and B. subtilis than for K. pneumoniae.     

碳纤维负载Rh-Mn紧密接触的催化剂及其合成气制乙醇催化性能

Rh-Mn-based catalysts are promising for ethanol synthesis from syngas. In this work, a carbon fiber (CF)-supported Rh-Mn catalyst, with highly dispersed Rh and close contact Rh-Mn species, has been prepared by a new in situ polymerization route using citric acid and ethylene glycol interaction. The structure and physicochemical properties of both the calcined and reduced samples have been characterized by TPR, XRD, TEM, EDS, CO-TPD, H₂ chemisorption, and XPS techniques and the catalytic performance for ethanol synthesis from syngas has been evaluated. The results show that the new method is beneficial in forming close contact Rh-Mn species than that obtained with the conventional impregnation method. This can enhance the dispersion and sintering resistance of Rh and effectively improve the activity of CO hydrogenation and the selectivity to ethanol in ethanol synthesis from syngas.     

Contents variation analysis of free amino acids,nucleosides and nucleobases in semen sojae praeparatum fermentation using UFLC‐QTRAP MS

UFLC–QTRAP MS was used to develop a sensitive and rapid method of evaluating content variation during Semen sojae praeparatum (SSP) fermentation. It did this through the simultaneous quantification of 22 free amino acids and 16 nucleosides and nucleobases in the raw materials and processed products of SSP. The method was shown to be reproducible and accurate. The limits of detection and quantity values were 0.09–168.75 and 0.31–562.50 ng/mL for the 38 analytes, respectively. The data were examined through principal components analysis to compare the content variations. The quantitative results showed that the ingredients were properly determined in most of the samples and were converted regularly throughout the SSP fermentation process. These results correspond to the morphologic changes and principal components analysis results.     

Effect of the Chemical Composition of Miso (Japanese Fermented Soybean Paste) Upon the Sensory Evaluation

Miso is a fermented soybean paste that is consumed in the traditional Japanese diet. Understanding the effects of chemical characteristics on miso sensory evaluation enables the classification of miso quality. This study investigated the chemical composition of 26 products from the Akita Prefectural Miso Competition in 2016 and 2017 to determine correlations with their sensory evaluation. The results showed that external appearance contributed significantly to the quality classification, with a reddish-brown color considered more acceptable in the Akita area. Increase in acids (except lactic acid) and amino acid contents were also responsible for enhanced sensory quality. Furthermore, the results from principal component regression showed that the presented measurements contribute to providing an alternative objective evaluation of these food products.     

An evaluation of kefir grain size with magnetic resonance imaging to observe the fermentation of milk

Kefirian milk is a fermented beverage consumed worldwide. Originally produced in animal skins, it is now prepared both industrially and at home by adding symbiotic cultures of bacteria and yeast known as kefir grains to fresh milk. There is significant literature on the biological aspects of this process but little focus on the fermentation effects on the bulk milk as a function of the grain morphology. Changes in the Magnetic Resonance (MR) signal as measured using a whole body clinical magnetic resonance imaging scanner are found to be proportional to traditional gas measurements with correlation coefficients in excess of 0.95. Magnetic Resonance Imaging is then also used to determine the effect of grain size on the rate of fermentation of milk. It is found that larger grains result in signal intensity changes on the order of 0.03 a.u per hour, but by breaking the grains into pieces around 3mm, the reaction rate can be more than doubled to 0.07 a.u. per hour. It is thought that this shows promise as a method to improve the speed of production of kefirian milk and by arresting the process partway through fermentation, gives control over the properties of the end product.