Microwave-assisted asymmetric ring opening of meso-epoxides with aromatic amines catalyzed by a Ti-S-(−)-BINOL complex

Catalytic asymmetric ring opening of cyclohexene oxide and meso-stilbene oxide with anilines was catalyzed by a Ti-(S)-(−)-BINOL complex to afford β-amino alcohols in high yield (up to 95%) and good enantioselectivities (ee up to 55%) under microwave irradiation. The reaction using a microwave was found to be 10 times faster than traditional oil-bath heating with retention of enantioselectivity.     

Synthesis and transformations of alkyl N-(1-cyclohex-3-enyl)carbamates prepared from cyclohex-3-ene carboxylic acid via Curtius rearrangement

The Curtius rearrangement of cyclohex-3-ene carboxylic acid using diphenylphosphoryl azide in the presence of triethylamime and ethanol, t-butanol or benzyl alcohol has been described. As a result the synthesis of ethyl, t-butyl or benzyl N-(1-cyclohex-3-enyl)carbamates has been achieved in one pot, in good chemical yield. A series of transformations of benzyl N-(1-cyclohex-3-enyl)carbamate, such as iodination and epoxidation, as well as opening of the corresponding ring epoxide, have been carried out leading to some useful oxygenated cyclohexylamimo building blocks.     

Online ATR-IR investigations and mechanistic understanding of the carbonylation of epoxides - the selective synthesis of lactones or polyesters from epoxides and CO

In situ ATR-IR spectroscopy is applied as a powerful tool to study the factors that control the reaction of epoxides with carbon monoxide in the presence of [Lewis acid]⁺[Co(CO)₄]⁻ salts. Based on these investigations, a consistent mechanistic scheme is presented, comprising the main lactone and polyester products and minor components, e.g., acetone and crotonic acid derivatives. β-Alkoxy-acyl-cobalttetracarbonyl species are shown to be key intermediates from which two reaction routes start in dependence of the applied Lewis acid (LA). Labile LA-alkoxy combinations favor a backbiting process of the oxygen function on the Co-acyl bond, primarily producing lactone products. More stable LA-alkoxy entities are unreactive toward PO conversion and afford a polymerization reaction after the addition of a nucleophile. In that case, the Lewis acid remains bonded to the chain end.     

Substituenteneffekte in den13C-NMR-Spektren von diastereomeren Chalkondihalogeniden, 10. Mitt.: Erste Synthese und Konfigurationsbestimmung vonthreo-Chalkonbromhydrinen

Summary The first synthesis ofthreo chalcone bromohydrins was realized by reaction oftrans chalcone epoxides with SnBr₄ in molar ratios from 1:1 to 2:1. The compounds were obtained in high yields and isomeric purity. Their configuration was determined asthreo by different methods based on¹³C-NMR shifts of C- and C- atoms.

     

Selective introduction of a fluorine atom into carbohydrates and a nucleoside by ring-opening fluorination reaction of epoxides

Ring-opening fluorination reactions of epoxides using tetrabutylammonium bifluoride (TBABF)-KHF₂, or Et₃N-3HF under microwave irradiation were applied for the introduction of a fluorine atom into the carbohydrate molecules. When TBABF-KHF₂ was used as the fluorination reagent, a fluorine atom was introduced regioselectively and various functional groups can tolerate the conditions. When Et₃N-3HF was used under microwave irradiation, the reaction time could be remarkably shortened compared with the conventional oil-bath heating.     

Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Ferrocene Containing Monomer and Polymer

Summary. Synthesis of a new monomer and polymer containing both ferrocene and hydrazone moieties are reported. The obtained materials were examined by various techniques including differential scanning calorimetry, UV, IR, NMR spectroscopy, and time of flight method. These materials may be of particular interest for the development of future electrophotographic photoreceptors as electron photoemission spectra of the layers showed ionization potentials of 5.35–5.41 eV. The hole drift mobility values in compositions of the designed structures with bisphenol Z polycarbonate exceeded 10⁻⁸ cm²/Vs at strong electric fields.     

二氧化碳与环氧化合物的三元共聚反应

用二氧化碳与环氧化合物共聚合反应制备脂肪族聚碳酸酯,是近几年化学利用二氧化碳研究的重要课题之一.其中最受关注的是二氧化碳与环氧丙烷共聚制备聚碳酸丙烯酯(PPC)和二氧化碳与环氧环己烷共聚制备聚碳酸环己烯酯(PCHC).但是,PPC和PCHC的热性能和力学性能欠佳,限制了它们的规模化生产与应用.利用二氧化碳与环氧化合物进行三元共聚是改善二氧化碳共聚物材料热性能和力学性能的有效途径之一,本文对此项研究的新进展进行了综述.     

High Yield Regioselective Ring Opening of Epoxides Using Samarium Chloride Hexahydrate

Abstract

Epoxides were converted to the corresponding β-azidohydrins and β-iodohydrins using SmCl₃·6H₂O/NaN₃ in DMF and SmCl₃·6H₂O/NaI in acetonitrile respectively. The reactions were highly regioselective, efficient, and gave excellent yields under mild and neutral conditions.     

BF3·Et2O-catalyzed rearrangement of 7-epimeric 3β,7-diacetoxy-9β,11β-epoxy-5α-lanostanes. Formation of novel 19(10→9β)abeo- and 19(10→9β), 30(14→8α)bis-abeo-lanostane derivatives

The boron trifluoride etherate catalyzed reaction of 7-epimeric 3β,7-diacetoxy-9β,11β-epoxy-5α-lanostanes 1 and 2 in acetic anhydride resulted in the formation of a series of skeletally rearranged products, mainly 19(10→9β)abeo-lanostanes. 19(10→9β),30(14→8α)Bis-abeo-lanostane derivative 5 possessing a novel type of the triterpene skeleton was formed as the major product in the reaction of 7α-epimer 2. The direction and extent of rearrangements of 9β,11β-epoxides 1 and 2 depends on the configuration of the 7-acetoxy group. The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic methods, mainly ¹H and ¹³C NMR. The structure of compound 5 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.     

Synthetic studies on bafilomycin A1: stereoselective synthesis of the enantiopure C1-C11 fragment

The synthesis of the enantiopure C₁-C₁₁ fragment of bafilomycin A₁ has been achieved with a 4% overall yield over 18 steps from (R)-(+)-citronellol. Key steps involve Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, Miyashita reaction of a γ,δ-epoxymethacrylate with trimethylaluminum in the presence of water, bis-OTMS selective Swern oxidations, Corey-Fuchs alkyne formation, Negishi's carbometalation, and stereoselective formation of the C₂-C₃ trisubstituted bond of the conjugated diene by a Wittig-type olefination of the α,β-unsaturated C₃-C₁₁ aldehyde with the ylide derived from the readily available phosphonium salt [Cl⁻, Ph₃P⁺CH(OMe)COOMe].