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51.
The quantum fluctuations of the stress tensor of a quantum field are discussed, as are the resulting space-time metric fluctuations. Passive quantum gravity is an approximation in which gravity is not directly quantized, but fluctuations of the space-time geometry are driven by stress tensor fluctuations. We discuss a decomposition of the stress tensor correlation function into three parts, and consider the physical implications of each part. The operational significance of metric fluctuations and the possible limits of validity of semiclassical gravity are discussed. 相似文献
52.
Conductive composite films of poly(styrene‐co‐n‐butylacrylate) copolymers filled with low‐density, Ni‐plated core‐shell polymeric particles were prepared and their behaviors of positive temperature coefficient of resistance (PTCR) were investigated. When the conductive fillers in the composite film were loaded beyond the critical volume, 10 up to 25 vol %, composite films exhibited a unique electrical resistant transition behavior, which the electrical resistance rapidly increased by several orders of magnitude at the critical temperature. The PTCR transition temperature, in general, occurred before the glass transition temperature of polymer matrix. Further increased the conductive filler loading to 30 vol %, the overpacked conduction paths were formed in the entire composite and the PTCR effects became blurred. While the composite film treated with thermal cycle several times from room temperature up to 120 °C, the electrical resistivity increased accompanied with the shift of the PTCR transition to lower temperature. The reason might have been caused by the formed interfacial cracks within the composite film. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 322–329, 2007 相似文献
53.
硬盘驱动器巨磁电阻(GMR)磁头:从微米到纳米 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
近年来电脑硬盘存储密度的飞速增长(年增长100%)已超出摩尔定律的预言.这种惊人的高速增长中,最关键的因素是自旋阀纳米多层膜结构,即巨磁电阻(GMR)读传感器磁头的应用.事实上,巨磁电阻磁头读传感器(reader sensor)已经实现由微电子器件向纳米电子器件转化,并且形成大规模产业.这一过程包含了自旋电子学、材料科学、微电子工程学、化学、微机械力学和工程学等诸学科和相关微加工技术综合性挑战极限,进入纳米科技领域实质性进步. 相似文献
54.
M. Stenger S. Baumhoff J.-Y. Prieur J. Joffrin J.-P. Contour 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》1998,2(2):177-182
We present measurements of the attenuation and phase velocity of surface acoustic waves in thin YBa2Cu3O films as a function of temperature, in magnetic fields up to 3.6 T applied parallel to the c-axis of the films. We have observed anomalies in both, the attenuation and the phase velocity in the vicinity of the superconducting
critical temperature which do not depend on the magnetic field. Possible origins of these anomalies, observed, to our knowledge,
for the first time in YBa2Cu3O thin films, are discussed and compared to bulk acoustic wave experiments. We present a kind of feedback technique for surface
acoustic waves which improves the sensitivity of this type of measurement. The actual sensitivity limits are mentioned.
Received: 7 August 1997 / Revised: 7 November 1997 / Accepted: 17 November 1997 相似文献
55.
Soft matter, like colloidal suspensions and surfactant gels, exhibit strong response to modest external perturbations. This
paper reviews our recent experiments on the nonlinear flow behaviour of surfactant worm-like micellar gels. A rich dynamic
behaviour exhibiting regular, quasi-periodic, intermittency and chaos is observed. In particular, we have shown experimentally
that the route to chaos is via Type-II intermittency in shear thinning worm-like micellar solution of cetyltrimethylammonium
tosylate where the strength of flow-concentration coupling is tuned by the addition of sodium chloride. A Poincaré first return
map of the time series and the probability distribution of laminar length between burst events show that our data are consistent
with Type-II intermittency. The existence of a ‘Butterfly’ intensity pattern in small angle light scattering (SALS) measurements
performed simultaneously with the rheological measurements confirms the coupling of flow to concentration fluctuations in
the system under study. The scattered depolarised intensity in SALS, sensitive to orientational order fluctuations, shows
the same time-dependence (like intermittency) as that of shear stress. 相似文献
56.
The paper presents a theoretical-numerical hybrid method for determining the stresses distribution in composite laminates
containing a circular hole and subjected to uniaxial tensile loading. The method is based upon an appropriate corrective function
allowing a simple and rapid evaluation of stress distributions in a generic plate of finite width with a hole based on the
theoretical stresses distribution in an infinite plate with the same hole geometry and material. In order to verify the accuracy
of the method proposed, various numerical and experimental tests have been performed by considering different laminate lay-ups;
in particular, the experimental results have shown that a combined use of the method proposed and the well-know point-stress
criterion leads to reliable strength predictions for GFRP or CFRP laminates with a circular hole.
Russian translation published in Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 531–570, July–August, 2007. 相似文献
57.
Sun Shufen 《Acta Mechanica Sinica》1987,3(1):44-51
The coupled model has been developed in this study for moisture transport and beat exchange in soil. The model is driven by
atmospheric conditions measured in a field. The concept that soil has a surface resistance to evaporation is introduced in
order to relate the evaporation from surface with the vapour flux in air. With the use of this concept, the simulation results
agree quite well with the measured data. 相似文献
58.
葛仙米对丁草胺胁迫的响应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了丁草胺对可食用蓝藻葛仙米(Nostoc sphaeroides)生理和代谢活性的影响.用不同浓度的丁草胺处理葛仙米,结果显示低浓度(5 mg·L-1)丁草胺使其光合作用、呼吸作用和光合系统Ⅱ活性增强,高浓度丁草胺(>5 mg·L-1)限制其光合作用、呼吸作用和光合系统Ⅱ活性.同时丁草胺对葛仙米膜结构和功能具有破坏作用,随着丁草胺处理浓度增大,质膜透性不断增大,丙二醛和超氧自由基阴离子含量升高;在低浓度丁草胺处理时,类胡萝卜素含量增加,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性增强,高浓度丁草胺处理时,类胡萝卜素含量降低,SOD活性下降;表明葛仙米对低浓度的丁草胺胁迫具有一定的耐受能力,但高浓度的丁草胺对其生理和代谢构成威胁;针对目前葛仙米野生生境中丁草胺的用量,建议限制丁草胺在葛仙米产地的使用,以保护日益稀缺的葛仙米资源. 相似文献
59.
60.
通过实验分析确立了把光纤电阻作为衡量气密性碳涂覆光纤通过2%应变筛选的过渡标准。要拉制2%应变筛选的碳涂覆光纤,其电阻值应小于30kΩ/cm。 相似文献