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151.
The molecular structure of COBr2 has been determined as follows by an analysis of electron diffraction intensity: rg(CO) = 1.178 ± 0.009 Å, rg(C-Br) = 1.923 ± 0.005 Å and θ°α(Br-C-Br) = 112.3 ± 0.4°. The uncertainties represent estimated limits of error. The observed systematic trends in the bond lengths and bond angles in carbonyl and thiocarbonyl halides are discussed. 相似文献
152.
5-Aminolaevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy in multidrug resistant leukemia cells 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Li W Zhang WJ Ohnishi K Yamada I Ohno R Hashimoto K 《Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology》2001,60(2-3):79-86
To verify if photodynamic therapy (PDT) could overcome multidrug resistance (MDR) when it it applied to eradicate minimal residual disease in patients with leukemia, we investigated the fluorescence kinetics of 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) and the effect of subsequent photodynamic therapy on MDR leukemia cells, which express P-glycoprotein (P-gp), as well as on their parent cells. Evaluation of PpIX accumulation by flow cytometry showed that PpIX accumulated at higher levels in mdr-1 gene-transduced MDR cells (NB4/MDR) and at lower levels in doxorubicin-induced MDR cells (NOMO-1/ADR) than in their parent cells. A P-gp inhibitor could not increase PpIX accumulation. Measurement of extracellular PpIX concentration by fluorescence spectrometry showed that P-gp did not mediate the fluorescence kinetics of ALA-induced PpIX production. Assessment of ferrochelatase activity using high-performance liquid chromatography indicated that PpIX accumulation in drug-induced MDR cells was probably regulated by this enzyme. Assessment of phototoxicity of PDT using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that PDT was effective in NB4, NB4/MDR, NOMO-1 and NOMO-1/ADR cells, which accumulated high levels of PpIX, but not effective in K562 and K562/ADR cell lines, which accumulated relatively low levels of PpIX. These findings demonstrate that P-gp does not mediate the ALA-fluorescence kinetics, and multidrug resistant leukemia cells do not have cross-resistance to ALA-PDT. 相似文献
153.
An aniline-based polymer was electrochemically prepared and applied as a new fiber coating for solid phase microextraction (SPME) of some priority phenols from water samples. The polyaniline (PANI) film was directly electrodeposited on the platinum wire surface in sulfuric acid solution using cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. The efficiency of new coating was investigated using a laboratory-made SPME device and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection for the extraction of some phenols from the headspace of aqueous samples. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed the homogeneity and the porous surface structure of the film. The results obtained proved the ability of this polymer as a suitable SPME fiber coating for trapping the selected phenols. Influential parameters affecting the extraction process were optimized and an extraction time of 50 min at 50 °C gave maximum efficiency, when the aqueous sample was saturated with NaCl and adjusted at pH 2. This new coating can be prepared easily in a reproducible manner and it is rather inexpensive and stable against most of organic solvents. The PANI thickness can be precisely controlled by the number of CV cycles. At the optimum conditions, the R.S.D. for a double distilled water spiked with phenol and chlorophenols at ppb level were 4.8-17% (n = 3) and detection limits for the studied compounds were between 0.69 and 3.7 ng ml−1, except for phenol and 4-chlorophenol. The optimized method was successfully applied to some real-life water samples. 相似文献
154.
The analysis of samples contaminated by organic compounds is an important aspect of environmental monitoring. Because of the complex nature of these samples, isolating target organic compounds from their matrices is a major challenge. A new isolation technique, solid phase microextraction, or SPME, has recently been developed in our laboratory. This technique combines the extraction and concentration processes into one step; a fused silica fiber coated with a polymer is used to extract analytes and transfer them into a GC injector for thermal desorption and analysis. It is simple, rapid, inexpensive, completely solvent-free, and easily automated. To minimize matrix interferences in environmental samples, SPME can be used to extract analytes from the headspace above the sample. The combination of headspace sampling with SPME separates volatile and semi-volatile analytes from non-volatile compounds, thus greatly reducing the interferences from non-target compounds. This paper reports the use of headspace SPME to isolate volatile organic compounds from various matrices such as water, sand, clay, and sludge. By use of the technique, benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, and xylene isomers (commonly known as BTEX), and volatile chlorinated compounds can be efficiently isolated from various matrices with good precision and low limits of detection. This study has found that the sensitivity of the method can be greatly improved by the addition of salt to water samples, water to soil samples, or by heating. Headspace SPME can also be used to sample semi-volatile compounds, such as PAHs, from complex matrices. 相似文献
155.
Immunoanalytical methods at a very low limit of detection (LOD) and a low limit of quantification (LOQ) are becoming more and more important for environmental analysis and especially for monitoring drinking water quality. Biosensors have suitable characteristics such as efficiency in allowing very fast, sensitive, and cost-effective detection. Here we describe a fully automated immunoassay for estrone with a LOD below 0.20 ng L–1 and a LOQ below 1.40 ng L–1. In contrast to common analytical methods such as GC-MS or HPLC-MS, the biosensor used requires no sample pre-treatment and pre-concentration. The basis of our sensitive assay is the antibody with a high affinity constant towards estrone. The very low amount of antibody per sample results in low validation parameters (LOD, LOQ, and IC50), but this assay for estrone represents the current device-related limitation of the River Analyser (RIANA). 相似文献
156.
为了探寻电流脉冲泄流时,设备的接地是否有效可靠,用FDTD法分析了脉冲泄流时均一土壤、分层土壤及局部改善土壤的电导率对冲击接地阻抗(TGR)的影响。结果表明:大地电导率对冲击接地阻抗的影响很大;对均一土壤,TGR随大地电导率的增大而减小,大地电导率越大,TGR对接地体的埋深越不敏感。对分层土壤,接地体要埋在大地电导率大的土壤层中,且不要靠近交界面;局部改善大地导电性能对降低TGR效果明显,TGR对改善区域的体积非常敏感,而当电导率大于一定值时,大地电导率的再增加,对TGR的影响不明显。 相似文献
157.
158.
A finite element-based thermoelastic anisotropic stress model for hexagonal silicon carbide polytype is developed for the
calculation of thermal stresses in SiC crystals grown by the physical vapor transport method. The composite structure of the
growing SiC crystal and graphite lid is considered in the model. The thermal expansion match between the crucible lid and
SiC crystal is studied for the first time. The influence of thermal stress on the dislocation density and crystal quality
is discussed.
The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10472126) and the Knowledge Innovation Program
of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The English text was polished by Keren Wang 相似文献
159.
160.