Synthesis of carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles via solid state reduction of iron oxide nanoparticles

The encapsulation of iron nanoparticles in protective carbon cages leads to unique hybrid core-shell nanomaterials. Recent literature reports suggest that such nanocomposites can be obtained in a relatively simple process involving the solid state carbothermal reduction of iron oxide nanoparticles. This approach is very attractive because it does not require advanced equipment and consumes less energy in comparison to widely used plasma methods. The presented more-in-depth study shows that the carbothermal approach is sensitive to temperature and the process yield strongly depends on the morphology and crystallinity of the carbon material used as a reductant.     

超声波辅助稠油层内催化水热裂解实验研究

将超声波应用到稠油催化水热裂解实验中,研究了超声波辅助催化水热裂解对胜利油田孤东稠油物化性质的影响。结果表明,超声波辅助作用下稠油的降黏率达到86.2%,与催化水热裂解相比,稠油的平均相对分子质量进一步减小,饱和烃和芳香烃组分含量增加,胶质和沥青质组分含量减少,稠油组分的氢碳原子比增加,杂原子含量减小。动态模拟实验中超声波辅助层内催化水热裂解效果显著,稠油采收率达到53.91%,降黏率达到80.5%。由此表明,超声波辅助催化水热裂解具有可行性,超声波与催化剂协同作用促进了水热裂解反应,一定程度上改善了稠油的品质。     

改性ZrO2-MnO2基整体式催化剂上NH3选择性催化还原NO

采用共沉淀法制备了ZrO2-MnO2催化剂,考察了CeO2,MoO3和WO3的添加对ZrO2-MnO2整体式催化剂上NH3选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)NOx的影响,并利用低温N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、NH3和NO程序升温脱附等方法对催化剂进行了表征,结果表明催化剂物相为Mn0.2Zr0.8O1....     

CeO2-WO3复合氧化物催化剂的NH3-SCR反应机理

采用共沉淀法制备了新型CeO2-WO3复合氧化物催化剂,并用于氨选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)NOx反应中.活性测试表明,在200～450℃ NOx转化率接近100%.采用程序升温脱附和原位漫反射红外光谱研究了该催化剂上的NH3-SCR反应机理.结果表明,该催化剂的主要活性位是CeO2,而WO3的加入大大提高了其表面...     

等离子体与催化剂协同催化CH4选择性还原脱硝反应

研究了在低温等离子体和催化剂共同作用下,CH4选择催化还原(SCR)NO的反应.在所考察的金属氧化物催化剂中,γ-Al2O3表现出最高的催化活性.当等离子体放电功率为4.5 W,反应温度为300℃时,NO转化率为56.5％;该条件下单纯等离子体反应和以γ-Al2O3为催化剂时NO转化率分别为28.9％和0,表明等离子体...     

trans-[Pt(BCat')Me(PCy3)2]: an experimental case study of reductive elimination processes in Pt-Boryls through associative mechanisms

A stable trans‐(alkyl)(boryl) platinum complex trans‐[Pt(BCat′)Me(PCy₃)₂] (Cat′=Cat‐4‐tBu; Cy=cyclohexyl=C₆H₁₁) was synthesised by salt metathesis reaction of trans‐[Pt(BCat′)Br(PCy₃)₂] with LiMe and was fully characterised. Investigation of the reactivity of the title compound showed complete reductive elimination of Cat′BMe at 80 °C within four weeks. This process may be accelerated by the addition of a variety of alkynes, thereby leading to the formation of the corresponding η²‐alkyne platinum complexes, of which [Pt(η²‐MeCCMe)(PCy₃)₂] was characterised by X‐ray crystallography. Conversion of the trans‐configured title compound to a cis derivative remained unsuccessful due to an instantaneous reductive elimination process during the reaction with chelating phosphines. Treatment of trans‐[Pt(BCat′)Me(PCy₃)₂] with Cat₂B₂ led to the formation of CatBMe and Cat′BMe. In the course of further investigations into this reaction, indications for two indistinguishable reaction mechanisms were found: 1) associative formation of a six‐coordinate platinum centre prior to reductive elimination and 2) σ‐bond metathesis of B? B and C? Pt bonds. Mechanism 1 provides a straightforward explanation for the formation of both methylboranes. Scrambling of diboranes(4) Cat₂B₂ and Cat′₂B₂ in the presence of [Pt(PCy₃)₂], fully reductive elimination of CatBMe or Cat′BMe from trans‐[Pt(BCat′)Me(PCy₃)₂] in the presence of sub‐stoichiometric amounts of Cat₂B₂, and evidence for the reversibility of the oxidative addition of Cat₂B₂ to [Pt(PCy₃)₂] all support mechanism 2, which consists of sequential equilibria reactions. Furthermore, the solid‐state molecular structure of cis‐[Pt(BCat)₂(PCy₃)₂] and cis‐[Pt(BCat′)₂(PCy₃)₂] were investigated. The remarkably short B? B separations in both bis(boryl) complexes suggest that the two boryl ligands in each case are more loosely bound to the Pt^II centre than in related bis(boryl) species.     

碳载Pt-P催化剂对氧还原的电催化性能

用NaH2PO2液相还原方法制得碳载Pt-P(Pt-P/C)催化剂(m(Pt)∶m(P)=5∶1)。 X射线衍射谱测量表明,Pt-P/C催化剂的Pt衍射峰的2θ值稍大于Pt/C催化剂的相应值,表明P进入了Pt晶格,形成了Pt-P合金。 电化学测试表明,Pt-P/C催化剂对氧还原的电催化性能要比商品化的E-TEK Pt/C催化剂好,其还原电位正移了40 mV。 由于Pt-P/C催化剂中Pt-P粒子的平均粒径和相对结晶度与Pt/C催化剂相似,推测Pt-P/C催化剂对氧还原的电催化性能好于Pt/C催化剂的原因可能为P的作用。     

5-氨基-6-硝基-[1,2,5]噁二唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-1-氧化物的新法合成

以2,6-二氯吡啶为起始原料,经肼基化、还原、硝化、Nietzki-Dietschy环合4步反应得到5-氨基-6-硝基-[1,2,5]噁二唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-1-氧化物.结合反应机理讨论了还原、硝化、Nietzki-Dietschy环合反应的影响因素,获得了合成-.氨基-6-硝基-[1,2,5]噁二唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-1-氧化物的最佳工艺条件,目标产物的总收率为59.2%.用1H NMR、MS和IR谱对5-氨基-6-硝基-[1,2,5]噁二唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-1-氧化物的结构进行了表征.