Probability theory and polymer physics

This study applies the theory of stochastic processes to the equilibrium statistical physics of polymers in solution. The topics treated include random copolymers and randomly branching polymers, with self-consistent mean field effects. A new and more natural way of dealing with Boltzmann weighting is discussed, which makes it possible from the beginning of a calculation to consider only the physical polymer conformations. We also show that in general the random copolymer problem can be reduced to the ordinary polymer problem, and treat the self-consistent field problem for a general branching polymer.     

An exclusive event generator for e~+ e~- scan experiments

An exclusive event generator is designed for e+e-scan experiments,including initial state radiation effects up to the second order correction.The generator is coded within the framework of BesEvtGen.There are seventy hadronic decay modes available,with effective center-of-mass energy coverage from the two pion mass threshold up to about 6 GeV.The accuracy achieved for the initial state radiation correction reaches the level achieved by the KKMC generator.The uncertainty associated with the calculation of the correction factor to the initial state radiation is dominated by the measurements of the energy-dependent Born cross section.     

涡流发生器污垢特性实验台的设计

为了研究涡流发生器的污垢特性设计了一个能够在线监测温度、流量以及压差进而可以直接得到污垢热阻的实验台。通过验证实验、准确性分析与误差分析,验证了实验台设计精度在允许的误差范围内。示例实验结果表明实验台具有研究涡流发生器的污垢特性、压力特性以及换热特性的功能。     

Fictitious domain methods for two‐phase flow energy balance computations in nuclear components

This paper is dedicated to the numerical simulation of nuclear components (cores and steam generators) by fictitious domain methods. The fictitious domain approach consists in immersing the physical domain under study in a Cartesian domain, called the fictitious domain, and in performing the numerical resolution on this fictitious domain. The calculation times are then efficiently reduced by the use of fast solvers. In counterpart, one has to handle with an immersed boundary, generally non‐aligned with the Cartesian mesh, which can be non‐trivial. The two fictitious domain methods compared here on industrial simulations and developed by Ramière et al. deal with an approximate immersed interface directly derived from the uniform Cartesian mesh. All the usual immersed boundary conditions (Dirichlet, Robin, Neumann), possibly mixed, are handled through a unique formulation of the fictitious problem. This kind of approximation leads to first‐order methods in space that exhibit a good ratio of the precision of the approximate solution over the CPU time, which is very important for industrial simulations. After a brief recall of the fictitious domain method with spread interface (Ramière et al., CMAME 2007) and the fictitious domain method with immersed jumps (Ramière et al., JCP 2008), we will focus on the numerical results provided by these methods applied to the energy balance equation in a steam generator. The advantages and drawbacks of each method will be pointed out. Generally speaking, the two methods confirm their very good efficiency in terms of precision, convergence, and calculation time in an industrial context. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Combining selection valve and mixing chamber for nanoflow gradient generation: Toward developing a liquid chromatography cartridge coupled with mass spectrometer for protein and peptide analysis

Toward developing a micro HPLC cartridge, we have recently built a high-pressure electroosmotic pump (EOP). However, we do not recommend people to use this pump to deliver an organic solvent directly, because it often makes the pump rate unstable. We have experimented several approaches to address this issue, but none of them are satisfactory. Here, we develop an innovative approach to address this issue. We first create an abruption (a dead-volume) within a fluid conduit. We then utilize an EOP to withdraw, via a selection valve, a train of eluent solutions having decreasing eluting power into the fluid conduit. When these solutions are further aspirated through the dead-volume, these solutions are partially mixed, smoothening concentration transitions between two adjacent eluent solutions. As these solutions are pushed back, through the dead-volume again, a smooth gradient profile is formed. In this work, we characterize this scheme for gradient formation, and we incorporate this approach with a high-pressure EOP, a nanoliter injection valve, and a capillary column, yielding a micro HPLC system. We then couple this micro HPLC with an electrospray ionization – mass spectrometer for peptide and protein separations and identifications.     

Effects of C3-aromatic heterocycles on 1,3,5-triaryl-2-pyrazoline sulfonium salt photoacid generators as light-emitting diode-sensitive cationic photoinitiators

Four 1,5-diphenyl-3-aromatic heterocyclyl-2-pyrazoline-based sulfonium salt photoacid generators (PAGs) with different aromatic heterocycles substituted on C3 atom and dimethyl sulfonium group on C5 atom were synthesized. These PAGs were highly photosensitive in the 365–425 nm light-emitting diode region, and the intramolecular charge transfer from the pyrazoline ring to sulfonium salts induced efficient photolysis and high Φ_H⁺. The heterocycles as well as their substituted positions significantly influenced the energy of the S₂ orbital, which was determined by the electrochemical and absorption properties of the PAGs. The raising of the S₂ orbital energy enlarged the energy gap of S₀–S₂ and S₁–S₂, resulting in blue shift of the absorption spectra and increase in the quantum yield of photoacid generation (Φ_H⁺), respectively. When the energy of excited electrons was higher than that of the S₂ orbital, the transition from S₀ to S₂ (π–π*) occurred before the C-S cleavage on S₁ and the PAGs showed high Φ_H⁺ values (0.52–0.72). The transition from S₀ to S₁ (π–σ*) occurred when the energy of electrons is lower than that of the S₂ orbital, and the PAGs showed low Φ_H⁺ value. The photopolymerization kinetics demonstrated that these PAGs were highly efficient cationic photoinitiators.     

Random Variable Generation Using Concavity Properties of Transformed Densities

Abstract

Algorithms are developed for constructing random variable generators for families of densities. The generators depend on the concavity structure of a transformation of the density. The resulting algorithms are rejection algorithms and the methods of this article are concerned with constructing good rejection algorithms for general densities.     

核磁共振任意波形发生器的研制

任意波形发生器（又叫函数发生器）作为一种通用的信号源,在物理、电子、计算机等领域有着广泛的应用. 本文提出了一种不依赖PC机总线的、完全独立的、 可用于低场磁共振成像的多用途任意波形发生器（Arbitrary Waveform Generator, AWG）设计方案,围绕着这种方案,研制了80 MHz通用磁共振任意波形发生器. 并提供了实际测试数据和成像实验结果,对研制情况和实验结果进行了总结和讨论.