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71.
利用X射线微区分析的方法,对吸附交联法得到的固定化脂肪酶的微观活性进行了分析。结果表明:以合成出的大孔吸附树脂为固定化酶栽体,酶活较高,活性脂肪酶分布较均匀。并得到了固定化脂肪酶的活性定位的最佳条件。 相似文献
72.
Gregory R. Lumpkin Katherine L. Smith Mark G. Blackford Reto Gier C. Terry Williams 《Micron (Oxford, England : 1993)》1994,25(6):581-587
In this paper we describe a technique for the determination of 25 elements in natural zirconolite using energy-dispersive analytical electron microscopy (AEM). The method presented here allows one to quantitatively investigate the chemistry of submicron-scale zones in complex oxide minerals. The effects of electron channeling, thickness variability and variations in detector resolution were minimized by using a controlled set of operating procedures and instrument parameters. To provide a high level of accurayy, kATI-factors were determined from standards for most of the 25 elements of interest, including all of the major elements. Each analytical spectrum is reduced to a set of raw peak counts (and errors) using a digital top-hat filter to suppress background followed by multiple least squares fitting of reference spectra. Counting times of 12–15 min per analysis were required to provide suitable counting statistics. Results are presented for zirconolite samples from the contact metamorphic aureole of the Bergell granodiorite intrusion, Switzerland-Italy. A comparison of 43 AEM analyses with 15 analyses obtained by wavelength-dispersive electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) shows that there is excellent agreement between the two data sets in the amounts of individual elements present, chemical trends and overall stoichiometry. An assessment of the combined data set shows that the major substitution mechanisms in the Bergell samples are coupled substitutions involving the M5,6- and M8-sites of the zirconolite structure: M8Ca2+ + M5,6Ti4+→M8REE3+ + M5,6(Al,Fe)3+ and M8Ca2+ + M5,6Ti4+→M8(Th,U)4+ + M5,6 (Mg,Fe)2+. 相似文献
73.
Energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDS) was compared in fresh- and frozen bulk hydrated tissues using the Environmental SEM (ESEM) and conventional cryo-SEM, respectively. Analyses of globoid inclusions of Eucalyptus calophylla seed from two soil types demontsrated that higher levels of cations (K, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) occurred in seeds from soils containing higher levels of Al, while EDS-detectable levels of S and P were dependent upon the techniques utilised. Cumulative changes in ESEM-EDS-detectable levels of S and P were characterised by collecting cumulative spectra from nutrient standards and compared with those for K. Progressive increases in K occurred and were consistent with an enriching effect. Levels of S and P increased during early analysis (40–60 sec live time) and decreased thereafter. The semi-conductive nature of biological samples, the loss of anions and gain of cations from the net negatively-charged electron interaction volume contributed to an electrochemical bias. These local modifications in fluid chemistry were reversible. Dehydration effects also occurred in stable, “wet‘ samples. These differences indicated that EDS in ESEM may be limited to cations rather than anions, and that changes in fluid electrochemistry and dehydration may affect the level and distribution of elements. 相似文献
74.
Andrea Kühl Dietrich Bergner Hans-J. Ullrich Matthias Schlaubitz Peter Karduck 《Mikrochimica acta》1992,107(3-6):295-302
Parameters of the diffusion of N (up to 0.3 wt.%) in austenitic stainless steels (12 to 19 wt.% Cr, 12 to 16 wt.% Ni, up to 2 wt.% Mo) were determined within the temperature range of 1283–1573K. The small concentration gradients of N were successfully investigated using (1) mechanical serial sectioning technique in combination with either chemical N analysis or X-ray precision lattice parameter determination, and (2) measurements on microsections by means of either electron probe microanalysis or Kossel technique.The diffusion coefficients of N were found to be independent of its concentration. The alloying elements Cr and Mo reduce the N diffusivity in austenitic stainless steels which on the other hand is increased by Ni. 相似文献
75.
往复摩擦下热压镍-二硫化钼复合材料的自润滑性能及其耐磨机理研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对于含MoS2的复合材料在单向滑动摩擦条件下的实用性能,人们已经进行了比较多的研究,然而好多摩擦部件在工程实际中经受的却都是往复摩擦。为了探明热压Ni-MoS2复合材料的自润滑性能及其耐磨机理,在往复摩擦条件下研究了这种材料盘表面和偶件GCr15钢球表面之MoS2膜的形成过程与形貌特征,并且利用扫描电子显微镜等观察分析了MOS2膜的磨损表面形貌及其微区成分。结果表明,在给定的往复摩擦条件下,对偶双方表面都形成了具有层状结构的MoS2润滑膜,这种膜是通过疲劳剥落、转移、粘附与叠压等方式所形成;MoS2含量对Ni-MoS2复合材料自润滑性能的影响,主要取决于它是否能够在对偶双方表面形成分布均匀而稳定的润滑膜,含60%(wt)MoS2的复合材料的自润滑性能最好;Ni-MoS2复合材料的自润滑性是通过其表面MoS2膜的连续生成与疲劳剥落,并在偶件表面形成转移膜,使复合材料与金属间的摩擦变成复合材料表面MoS2膜与偶件表面MoS2膜之间的摩擦所实现。由此可见,Ni-MOS2复合材料是适合在往复摩擦运动场合应用的一种性能良好的自润滑复合材料。 相似文献
76.
Indranil Sinha Dr. Célia Fonseca Guerra Prof. Dr. Jens Müller 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(12):3603-3606
The first parallel‐stranded DNA duplex with Hoogsteen base pairing that readily incorporates an Ag+ ion into an internal mispair to form a metal‐mediated base pair has been created. Towards this end, the highly stabilizing 6 FP ‐Ag+‐ 6 FP base pair comprising the artificial nucleobase 6‐furylpurine ( 6 FP ) was devised. A combination of temperature‐dependent UV spectroscopy, CD spectroscopy, and DFT calculations was used to confirm the formation of this base pair. The nucleobase 6 FP is capable of forming metal‐mediated base pairs both by the Watson–Crick edge (i.e. in regular antiparallel‐stranded DNA) and by the Hoogsteen edge (i.e. in parallel‐stranded DNA), depending on the oligonucleotide sequence and the experimental conditions. The 6 FP ‐Ag+‐ 6 FP base pair within parallel‐stranded DNA is the most strongly stabilizing Ag+‐mediated base pair reported to date for any type of nucleic acid, with an increase in melting temperature of almost 15 °C upon the binding of one Ag+ ion. 相似文献
77.
Controlled Synthesis and Degradation of Poly(N‐(isobutoxymethyl) acrylamide) Homopolymers and Block Copolymers 下载免费PDF全文
The homopolymerization of the water‐insoluble N‐(isobutoxymethyl)acrylamide (IBMA) is investigated for the first time by nitroxide‐mediated polymerization. The homopolymerization is characterized by a linear increase in number average molecular weight (Mn) versus conversion (X) to X > 0.80 while maintaining dispersities of Mw/Mn < 1.30. A strong Arrhenius relationship correlates the apparent rate constants and the homopolymerization temperatures between 105 and 120 °C. All poly(IBMA) homopolymers are then successfully chain‐extended with styrene (S) to form well‐defined block copolymers of poly(IBMA)‐b‐poly(S) suggesting a high degree of livingness of the poly(IBMA) macroinitiators. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry are both used to characterize the thermal properties of the homopolymers and block copolymers and identify possible unique degradation of the poly(IBMA) block through imide formation at elevated temperatures.
78.
79.
A simple and eco-friendly method for the aminomethylation of various 3-substituted oxindoles via three-component Mannich reaction in aqueous media has been established. A variety of oxindoles containing a quaternary carbon center, which comprises an aminomethyl group were obtained smoothly in good yields (up to 93%) with this method. Particularly valuable features, such as employing cheap and readily available formalin as a useful aminomethylation C1 unit and using water as a reaction medium, are embodied in this method. 相似文献
80.