Degradation Kinetics of an Epoxy/Cycloaliphatic Amine Resin Under Isothermal and Non-isothermal Conditions

A study of an epoxy-cycloaliphatic amine system has been realized using a thermogravimetric technique (TG). Isothermal and non-isothermal (dynamic) methods were employed to determine the kinetic data of this system. Five methods were used for determining the activation energies of this system in the dynamic heating experiments. In two of them (Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Kissinger) it is not necessary to have a prior knowledge of the reaction mechanism of the degradation behaviour for this system. In the other ones (Coats and Redfern, Horowitz and Metzger, and Van Krevelen et al.) it is necessary to know this reaction mechanism, besides Criado et al. method was used for determining it. The results have shown that good agreement between the activation energies obtained from all methods can be achieved if it is assumed that the degradation behaviour of this system is of sigmoidal-rate type. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The drawing behavior of Y-Ba-Cu-O sol from non-aqueous solution by a complexing process

A complexing process is developed to prepare Y-Ba-Cu-O superconducting fibers. The process is not identical to typical sol-gel processes; here the resulting gel network is built up by hydrogen bonding linkage among complexing species in non-aqueous solution. Cu acetate, [Cu(OAC)₂], Ba methoxyethoxide [Ba(ORE)₂] and Y acetate [Y(OAC)₃] are used as precursors for preparing homogeneous gels while -methacrylic acid (HOAA) and diethylenetriamine (DETA) as complexing agents, and methoxyethanol (REOH) as solvent. Fibers drawn from a sol obtained through reduced pressure present no or little deformation at 80°MoC via adjusting the amount of DETA and HOAA. Cu(OAC)₂, Ba(ORE)₂ and Y(OAC)₃ in the complexing process have been demonstrated to form gels without hydrolysis and condensation at ambient atmosphere. The relationships between the drawing behavior of sols and gel structure with different amounts of DETA and HOAA are suggested. The concentration region of drawing the gel fibers with no or little deformation heated at 80°MoC is also found.     

PHOTOEMISSION WITHIN AND BEYOND THE ONE-STEP MODEL

Photoemission in the vacuum ultraviolet photon regime has proved to be an effective tool for the investigation of valence band surface electronic structure. The interpretation cannot be exclusively confined to the valence bands but has to consider cross sections with realistic final states consistently designed within the one-step model. Therefore especially in the surface sensitive photoemission, several effects hide the final goal of deducing the energetic and wavefunction structure together with microscopic potential parameters through a convincing agreement of calculated with measured spectra. The final states band structure is much less well understood than the valence band structure under consideration. The optical potential, which controls the surface sensitivity through the underlying damping mechanisms, widely relies on empirical assumptions. Furthermore, the photon field is not only strongly influenced but in the vicinity of the plasma frequency also deteriorated by the electronic response. In view of high resolution spectroscopy the accuracy of the data interpretation is affected, and in fact, band-mapping methods are no longer valid. Examples of recent calculations to account for these effects are reviewed.     

沙蚕毒系化合物的结构与生物活性关系

用ＭＮＤＯ－ＰＭ３方法对沙蚕毒系化合物二氢沙蚕毒，硫氰酸酯，巴丹，杀虫单及其异构件的几何构型进行了全自由度优化，并计算了其电子结构，讨论了生物活性与几何构型和电了结构的关系。     

Spin-transition behaviour of transition metal complexes with 2,6-bis-(benzimidazol-2′-yl)-pyridine induced by deprotonation of the complex

Summary 2,6-bis-(Benzimidazol-2-yl)-pyridine (bzimpy = H₂ L) acts as a bidentate ligand when combining with transition metal ions. The complexes [M(bzimpy)₂](ClO₄)₂ (M = Fe²⁺, Mn²⁺, Zn²⁺, Co²⁺, and Ni²⁺) were obtained as solids. The protonation constants (logK) for the ligand and the complexes were evaluated in 30:70 (v/v) H₂O:EtOH at 293 K and at constant ionic strength of 0.12M KCl. Coordination of the ligand to the metal ions leads to an increase of acidity of the imino-hydrogen of the benzimidazole group of the ligand as a function of the complex stability. Deprotonation leads to a spin-state transition (intermediate spin-state low-spin) of the iron(II)-complex, followed by a shift of the metal-to-ligandcharge transfer band (MLCT) to lower energies (_max=563 to 580 nm). The d-d absorption bands are found to shift to higher energies and the low-spin isomer is favoured at room temperature. An opposite shift of theMLCT band (_max=563 to 557 nm) is observed when HClO₄ is added to the complex solution, rendering the high-spin state of the complex more favourable.On leave from the Chemistry Department, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh     

Hole Burning and Fluorescence Spectra of Sol-Gel Derived Sm2+-Doped Glasses

Sm2+-doped glasses in the system of Al2O3-SiO2 were prepared by sol-gel processing of metal alkoxides and reacting with H2 gas at 800°C. The hole burning properties of these glasses were investigated. The holes were burned in the 7F0 5D0 line of the Sm2+ ions using a DCM dye laser at 77 K. The hole depth increased with increasing the laser irradiation time, reaching up to 15% of the total intensity within a few hundred seconds. The hole width was 3 cm–1 full width at half maximum. Fluorescence line narrowing spectra of the 5D0 7 F1 transition were analyzed to study the local structure surrounding the Sm2+ ion. It is concluded that the Sm2+ ions are closely coordinated with nine oxygens of the AlO6 group in aluminosilicate glasses and that the addition of Al3+ ions into glass induces an increase in the coordination number of the Sm2+.     

Synthesis, characterisation and thermal behaviour of solid state compounds of 4-methylbenzylidenepyruvate with some bivalent metal ions

Solid state M-4-Me-BP compounds, where M stands for bivalent Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and 4-Me-BP is 4-methylbenzylidenepyruvate, have been synthesized. Simultaneous thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and complexometry were used to characterise and to study the thermal behaviour of these compounds. The results led to information about the composition, dehydration, thermal stability and thermal decomposition of the isolated complexes.     

微圆盘电极上耦合—级均相反应的稳态电流

在电极袭面反应物浓度均匀的近似假设下,得到了微圆盘电极上暂态可逆反应的一般解.然后利用该一般解得到了微圆盘电极上耦合一级均相反应的可逆电极反应CE、EC、EC′和ECE 的稳态电流计算公式.     

非水层状液晶的稳定性与相行为

水体系层状液晶已研究较久,非水层状液晶则是近十年来才得到发展。本文以层状液晶的相行为和~2H NMR测量,研究并比较了非水层状液晶十二烷基硫酸钠/正癸醇溶剂以甘油或甲酰胺为溶剂时体系的结构与稳定性。 表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(BDH,简写SDS)经无水乙醇重结晶两次提纯。用铂环法测     

硝基烃光异构化反应的密度泛函理论计算

采用DFT(B3LYP)计算方法, 在6-31G*水平上获得了反式-β-硝基苯乙烯、硝基乙烯和硝基甲烷基态异构化反应时的过渡态分子结构, 并计算了异构化能垒及激发态电子跃迁能. 结果显示, 反式-β-硝基苯乙烯和硝基苯与硝基甲烷相比具有较短的过渡态C—N键长, 较低的异构化能垒, 并且随着不饱和度的增加, 硝基苯和反式-β-硝基苯乙烯电子垂直跃迁能与基态异构化反应过渡态之间能量的差值ΔE迅速减小. 从能量的角度分析, 取代基的不饱和度越大, 越有利于激发态势能面与异构化反应势能面发生锥型或漏斗交叉, 因而越有利于光化学反应沿光异构化通道进行. 激发态分子的初始电子运动的定域或离域特征的差别可能是导致硝基苯等硝基芳烃与硝基甲烷等硝基烷烃光解通道不同的一个重要原因.