Structural, Electronic, and Optical Properties of Noble Metal Clusters from First Principles

We examine low-energy isomeric forms, static polarizabilities, and optical absorption spectra of Ag _n , n = 2–8, and Au _n , n = 2–3, clusters using first principles computations within the static and time-dependent versions of the density functional theory. The noticeable decrease in the static polarizabilities of Ag₇ and Ag₈ compared to the values characteristic of Ag _n , n = 2–6, is correlated with the transition from two-dimensional to three-dimensional structures at n = 7. The optical spectra computed within the time-dependent local density approximation for the most stable structures are in good agreement with the available experimental data and the results of earlier theoretical studies. Optical spectra of higher-energy isomers typically present features that are not observed in the experimental spectra. The d electrons affect the spectra of noble metal clusters by quenching the oscillator strengths through screening of the s electrons and by getting directly involved in the excitations. Due to the larger s–d hybridization in Au compared to Ag, these effects are more pronounced in Au _n clusters.     

Electronic polarizability and crystallization of K2O-TiO2-GeO2 glasses with high TiO2 contents

Some K₂O-TiO₂-GeO₂ glasses with a large amount of TiO₂ contents (15-25 mol%) such as 25K₂O-25TiO₂-50GeO₂ have been prepared, and their electronic polarizability, Raman scattering spectra, and crystallization behavior are examined to clarify thermal properties and structure of the glasses and to develop new nonlinear optical crystallized glasses. It is proposed that the glasses consist of the network of TiO₆ and GeO₄ polyhedra. The glasses show large optical basicities of Λ=0.88-0.92, indicating the high polarizabity of TiO_n (n=4-6) polyhedra in the glasses. K₂TiGe₃O₉ crystals are formed through crystallization in all glasses prepared in the present study. In particular, 20K₂O-20TiO₂-60GeO₂ glass shows bulk crystallization and 18K₂O-18TiO₂-64GeO₂ glass exhibits surface crystallization giving the c-axis orientation. The crystallized glasses show second harmonic generations (SHGs), and it is suggested that the distortion of TiO₆ octahedra in K₂TiGe₃O₉ crystals induces SHGs.     

Sequential injection system with higher dimensional electrochemical sensor signals Part 2. Potentiometric e-tongue for the determination of alkaline ions

An intelligent, automatic system based on an array of non-specific-response chemical sensors was developed. As a great amount of information is required for its correct modelling, we propose a system generating it itself. The sequential injection analysis (SIA) technique was chosen as it enables the processes of training, calibration, validation and operation to be automated simply. Detection was carried out using an array of potentiometric sensors based on PVC membranes of different selectivity. The diluted standard solutions needed for system learning and response modelling are automatically prepared from more concentrated standards. The electrodes used were characterised with respect to one and two analytes, by means of high-dimensionality calibrations, and the response surface of each was represented; this characterisation enabled an interference study of great practical utility. The combined response was modelled by means of artificial neural networks (ANNs), and thus it was possible to obtain an automated electronic tongue based on SIA. In order to identify the ANN which provided the best model of the electrode responses, some of the network's parameters were optimised and its usefulness in determining NH₄⁺, K⁺ and Na⁺ ions in synthetic samples was then tested. Finally, it was used to determine these ions in commercial fertilisers, the obtained results being compared with reference methods.     

某些离解能、电子亲合能等的G2计算与评价

PoPle及其合作者创立的Gaussian再简称GZ）理论［‘－’］，以其相对可靠的化学精度和相应较小的计算量已经引起了实验和理论化学家们的广泛关注问．p。ple等人在他们的GZ文章中强调了GZ的理论计算结果在研究离解能等化学问题中与精确实验数据之间的偏差普遍不大于全8．狄J规厂‘．我们近期的研究表明＊’1，＊2和优（＊则在计算一般化学反应能量中，绝大多数情况下，分别都能保证结果与实验偏差在全8．4和士13kJ·mol‘以内．近年来，已有大量的研究工作表明，GZ的理论结果已广泛用于未知实验数据的预测、已有实验数据的评价和修正等…     

Transition Metal Complexes with the Thiosemicarbazide-based ligands. XII. Complexes of nickel(II) with benzoylacetone S-methylisothiosemicarbazone and N(1)-2-butylidene-4-oxo-4-phenyl-N(4)-salicylidene-S-methylisothiosemicarbazide

A template synthesis procedure yielded [Ni(HL¹)NH₃]I, where HL¹ is the monoanion of the terdentate ONN benzoylacetone S-methylisothiosemicarbazone ligand. The reaction of this complex with an excess of NH₄NCS, pyridine, or hydrazine resulted in the complexes [Ni(HL¹)(NH₃)NCS] and [Ni(L¹)A] (A = Py, N₂H₄). The monoanionic form of the ligand is obtained by deprotonation of the enolic form of the benzoylacetone moiety, whereas the dianion is formed by additional deprotonation of the terminal NH₂ group. Finally, the reaction of [Ni(HL¹)NH₃]I with salicyladehyde produced the NiL² complex in which L² stands for the dianion of the ONNO ligand N(1)-2-butylidene-4-oxo-4-phenyl-N(4)-salicylidene-S-methylisothiosemicarbazide. All complexes are diamagnetic and have a square-planar configuration, except for [Ni(HL¹)(NH₃)NCS], for which te data of i.r. spectra suggest a square-pyramidal structure. The electronic absorption spectra of the ethanolic solutions of all complexes are characteristic of typical square-planar coordination of nickel(II).     

[IrBr6]2-的反对称极化率与圆偏振激光诱导的ESR谱频移

在理论上研究了顺磁性粒子体系的圆偏振激光诱导的ＥＳＲ谱频移效应。给出磁场中分子反对称极化率的公式，并以［ＩｒＢｒ６］＾２－离子为例讨论了吸收带半高宽的影响。计算了［ＩｒＢｒ６］＾２－的ＥＳＲ谱在圆偏振激光作用下的频移。结果发现：在光学共振区附近，ＥＳＲ频移可达１ＭＨｚ的量级，与钠原子体系结果类似。     

Photoinduced rotational isomerization mechanism of 2-chlorobenzaldehyde in low-temperature rare-gas matrices by vibrational and electronic spectroscopies

Rotational isomerization of 2-chlorobenzaldehyde in low-temperature rare-gas matrices has been investigated by vibrational and electronic spectroscopies with aids of the density functional theory (DFT) and configuration interaction single (CIS) calculations. Infrared spectrum of the less stable O-cis isomer, produced from the more stable O-trans isomer upon UV irradiation, is measured with an FT-IR spectrophotometer. The enthalpy difference between the O-cis and O-trans isomers is estimated to be 9.7±0.2 kJ mol⁻¹ from the temperature dependence of the infrared band intensities. Analyses of the infrared and electronic absorption spectral changes after UV irradiation and the phosphorescence spectra measured at various excitation wavelengths suggest that the rotational isomerization occurs via the intersystem crossing from S₁ to T₁.     

Outer product analysis of electronic nose and visible spectra: application to the measurement of peach fruit characteristics

Visual aspect and aroma are among the most important features of fruit that determine consumer preferences. Electronic nose and spectroscopic techniques have shown positive results in evaluating some basic analytical parameters of fruit and global features such as the cultivar.In this paper, we illustrate and discuss a study aimed at evaluating the improvement derived by the fusion of visible spectra and electronic nose data. These experiments were performed on a population of yellow peaches belonging to two cultivars. Each sample was measured by visible optical spectroscopy and by electronic nose. In addition, a number of reference parameters were also measured by conventional destructive methodologies.Collected data were analysed individually and then fused together in order to classify the two cultivars and to estimate the reference parameters. Data fusion was performed building the outer product matrix for each measurement. The set of matrices was then successively unfolded and analysed by conventional chemometrics tools.Results were improved using outer products, for instance in classification average percentage errors of 25, 10, and 7 for electronic nose, spectra, and outer product, respectively was achieved. Regression analysis provides the evidence of a substantial orthogonal appearance of the datasets, which offer former hidden information on fruit classification.     

C_(70)R_2(R=OH,CH_3)的结构和电子光谱

INDO方法研究了C70R2（R＝OH，CH3）4种异构体的结构和稳定性，表明1，9－C70（OH）2比7，8－C70（OH）2稳定，两者能量差为38．5kJ／mol，而7，8－C70（CH3）2比1，9－C70（CH3）2能量低23．0kJ／mol．以优化构型为基础，对C70R2（R＝OH，CH3）的电子光谱进行了理论预测．     

Ab initio studies on several species of the formula X3YO and X3YOH

Ab initio molecular orbital calculations using both minimal and extended basis sets have been applied to two isoelectronic sets of molecules. One set corresponds to the 18 electron species H₃NO, H₃CO^– and H₃COH while the second set contains the 42 electron fluorinated molecules F₃NO, F₃CO^– and F₃COH. The geometries of these molecules have been optimized, using both the minimal STO-3G and the extended 4-31G basis sets. These comparative calculations reveal that the 4-31G basis produced structural parameters in much better agreement with experiment. The effect of includingd-orbitals in the basis set was also investigated. For the fluorinated oxides it has been found that the optimized 4-31G structures were only slightly altered by the addition ofd-orbitals. For H₃NO, on the other hand, the inclusion ofd-orbitals considerably shortens the N-O bond distance. Both H₃NO and CF₃OH, which are unknown experimentally, are theoretically predicted to be capable of existence. The electronic structures of these molecules have also been examined using electronic partitioning according to the Mulliken scheme.