Electrocatalytic oxidation of aliphatic diols on platinum and gold Part I: Effects of chain length and isomeric position

The electrochemical reactivity of propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol and heptanediol, on polycrystalline platinum and gold electrodes, was studied in acid and alkaline media. The effect of the number of carbon atoms, i.e. the chain length, was observed. The apparent energies of activation were evaluated systematically and discussed in relation to the molecular structure of the different diols. In the case of the butanediol isomers, an effect of the alcohol group positions on the activation energy and reaction mechanisms was clearly shown.     

基于磺酰基杯[4]芳烃的Co16笼簇的合成、结构及电化学性质

以氯化钴、 对叔丁基磺酰杯[4]芳烃(H₄TC4A-SO₂)和非对称性3-(1H-四唑-5-基)苯甲酸(H₂L)为原料, 通过溶剂热法合成了一个具有四面体配位笼结构的16核化合物[Co₁₆(TC4A-SO₂)₄(OH)₄(L)₈]·[(C₈H₂₀N)(C₄H₁₂N)₂(C₂H₈N)]·solvent(Co₁₆-TC4A-SO₂). 采用X射线单晶衍射、 X射线粉末衍射、 热重分析、 红外光谱方法对配合物进行了表征. 将Co₁₆-TC4A-SO₂笼簇直接负载到碳纸上(Co₁₆-TC4A-SO₂/CP)用作工作电极, 其对析氧反应(OER)展现出较好的催化性能. 在1 mol/L KOH中, Co₁₆-TC4A-SO₂/CP在343.8 mV的过电位下达到10.0 mA/cm ²电流密度, Tafel斜率为79.31 mV/dec, 并且在20.0 mA/cm ²电流密度下表现出长达48 h的催化稳定性.     

Fe doping promoted electrocatalytic N2 reduction reaction of 2H MoS2

Electrocatalytic N₂ reduction to ammonia is a fascinating alternative to Haber-Bosch process and also considered as an energy storage method. This work, Fe doped MoS₂/carbon cloth (CC) has been studied on the electro-catalysis fix nitrogen indicating the doped Fe can indeed enhance the MoS₂ material ability. Compared with MoS₂/CC, Fe-Mo-S-3/CC not only increases 10 times in the rate of production ammonia, but also 5 times in Faraday efficiency.     

Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Carbohydrates Mediated by Nitroxyl Radical‐modified Electrodes in Aqueous Solution

The electrocatalytic activity of a 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpipridine‐N‐oxyl (TEMPO)‐modified electrode toward the oxidation of carbohydrates in phosphate buffer solution was investigated under neutral aqueous solution conditions at 25 °C. The modified electrode was prepared on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode by the electrochemical polymerization of a TEMPO precursor containing a pyrrole side chain. Cyclic voltammetric studies showed that the anodic peak current increased with the concentration of carbohydrates in a dose‐dependent manner.     

Steering the Selectivity of Electrocatalytic Glucose Oxidation by the Pt Oxidation State

Electrocatalytic glucose oxidation can produce high value chemicals, but selectivity needs to be improved. Here we elucidate the role of the Pt oxidation state on the activity and selectivity of electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose with a new analytical approach, using high-pressure liquid chromatography and high-pressure anion exchange chromatography. It was found that the type of oxidation, i.e. dehydrogenation of primary and secondary alcohol groups or oxygen transfer to aldehyde groups, strongly depends on the Pt oxidation state. Pt⁰ has a 7-fold higher activity for dehydrogenation reactions than for oxidation reactions, while PtO_x is equally active for both reactions. Thus, Pt⁰ promotes glucose dialdehyde formation, while PtO_x favors gluconate formation. The successive dehydrogenation of gluconate is achieved selectively at the primary alcohol group by Pt⁰, while PtO_x also promotes the dehydrogenation of secondary alcohol groups, resulting in more complex reaction mixtures.     

Enhanced Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation by Interfacial Phase Transition and Photothermal Effect in Multiply Heterostructured Co9S8/Co3S4/Cu2S Nanohybrids

The rational design of advanced nanohybrids (NHs) with optimized interface electronic environment and rapid reaction kinetics is pivotal to electrocatalytic schedule. Herein, we developed a multiple heterogeneous Co₉S₈/Co₃S₄/Cu₂S nanoparticle in which Co₃S₄ germinates between Co₉S₈ and Cu₂S. Using high-angle annular-dark-field imaging and theoretical calculation, it was found that the integration of Co₉S₈ and Cu₂S tends to trigger the interface phase transition of Co₉S₈, leading to Co₃S₄ interlayer due to the low formation energy of Co₃S₄/Cu₂S (−7.61 eV) than Co₉S₈/Cu₂S (−5.86 eV). Such phase transition not only lowers the energy barrier of oxygen evolution reaction (OER, from 0.335 eV to 0.297 eV), but also increases charge carrier density (from 7.76×10¹⁴ to 2.09×10¹⁵ cm⁻³), and creates more active sites. Compared to Co₉S₈ and Cu₂S, the Co₉S₈/Co₃S₄/Cu₂S NHs also demonstrate notable photothermal effect that can heat the catalyst locally, offset the endothermic enthalpy change of OER, and promote carrier migrate, reaction intermediates adsorption/deprotonation to improve reaction kinetics. Profiting from these favorable factors, the Co₉S₈/Co₃S₄/Cu₂S catalyst only requires an OER overpotential of 181 mV and overall water splitting cell voltage of 1.43 V to driven 10 mA cm⁻² under the irradiation of near-infrared light, outperforming those without light irradiation and many reported Co-based catalysts.     

Electrocatalytic Activation of Silver Nanowires‐modified Pt Electrode by Cyclic Voltammetry in Comparison with Differential Pulse Voltammetry in Halide Determination

Cyclic voltammetric (CV) and differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) measurements were carried out to assess the changes in electrode reactivity in halide determination with a silver nanowire‐modified platinum electrode. With DPV, successive voltammograms of the halide solution revealed progressive deterioration of the oxidation currents corresponding to Br^? and Cl^?, while those of I^? increased largely. Comparatively, CV is stable and effective to remove precipitates due to the reduction process, in which, the concentrated effect alleviated and the amount of AgI decreased. CV was consequently suggested to be favorable for halide determination, while playing a role in electrocatalytic activation of the electrode.     

Development of a Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Reduced Graphene Oxide and an Imidazole Derivative for Simultaneous Determination of Biological Species of N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine,Uric Acid and Dopamine

In this work, the modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) with an imidazole derivative 2‐(2,3 dihydroxy phenyl) 4‐methyl benzimidazole (DHPMB) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was used as an electrochemical sensor for electrocatalytic oxidation of N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC). The electrocatalytic oxidation of N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine on the modified electrode surface was then investigated, indicating a reduction in oxidative over voltage and an intensive increase in the current of analyte. The scan rate potential, the percentages of DHPMB and RGO, and the pH solution were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, some parameters such as the electron transfer coefficient (α) between electrode and modifier, and the electron transfer rate constant) k_s) in a 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH=7.0) were obtained by cyclic voltammetry method. The diffusion coefficient of species (D) 3.96×10^?5 cm² s^?1 was calculated by chronoamperometeric technique and the Tafel plot was used to calculate α (0.46) for N‐ acetyl‐L‐cysteine. Also, by using differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) technique, two linear dynamic ranges of 2–18 µM and 18–1000 µM with the detection limit of 61.0 nM for N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) were achieved. In the co‐existence system of N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC), uric acid (UA) and dopamine (DA), the linear response ranges for NAC, UA, and DA are 6.0–400.0 µM, 5.0–50.0 µM and 2.0–20.0 µM, respectively and the detection limits based on (C=3s_b/m) are 0.067 µM, 0.246 µM and 0.136 µM, respectively. The obtained results indicated that DHPMB/RGO/CPE is applicable to separate NAC, uric acid (UA) and dopamine (DA) oxidative peaks, simultaneously. For analytic performance, the mentioned modified electrode was used for determination of NAC in the drug samples with acceptable results, and the simultaneous determination of NAC, UA and DA oxidative peaks was investigated in the serum solutions, too.     

硫堇衍生化自组装膜修饰金电极的电化学性质及其对抗坏血酸的电催化氧化

将硫堇共价键合到自组装在金电极表面的半胱胺单分子层上,制成了衍生化自组装单分子膜修饰电极,并用电化学方法研究了它的电化学性质.循环伏安图显示其在pH＝7.7的磷酸盐缓冲液中,于－0.45～＋0.50V(vs.SCE)范围内有2对氧化还原峰.峰电位分别为E_pa¹＝214mV。E_pc¹＝82mV,E_pa2＝－75mV,E_pc2＝－160mV(vs.SCE).pH在5.0～9.0范围内,峰1有2个质子参与反应,峰2有1个质子参与反应.它的表面电子转移速率常数k_s＝0.02S^－1.此膜对抗坏血酸的氧化有催化作用,其氧化过电位较在裸金电极上降低了约250mV.催化电流与抗坏血酸的浓度在1.0×10^-6～4.0×10^-3mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系.抗坏血酸催化氧化的异相速率常数为2.68×10^-3cm/s.