Electrical switching effect in a photochromic molecule between two graphene electrodes

We propose a single-molecule electrical switches consisting of a photochromic dimethyldihydropyrene/cyclophanediene molecule sandwiched between two graphene electrodes and investigate the electronic transport by using density-functional theory and nonequilibrium Green's function methods. The “open” and “closed” isomers of the photochromic molecule are shown to have electrical switching behavior and negative differential resistance effect. Moreover, it is also found that the switching ratio between two different conductive states depends on the ambient temperature, and the device behaves as a stable electrical switch around room temperature, which is in agreement with a recent experimental study of another photochromic molecule diarylethene reported by Jia et al. (2016) [17].     

Electrical properties of interdigitated partially bent like shaped liquid crystalline compound

This article represents the electrical studies of an interdigitated highly skewed N(4-n-pentyloxybenzylidene) 4-n-alkylaniline (5O.16) compound. Interestingly the compound is partially bent like and unsymmetrical in alkyl chain length. Dielectric and impedance spectroscopy studies indicate the coupling between the liquid crystal and the electrical field. Studies were carried out as a function of temperature as well as frequency. Semicircular nature of the Cole–Cole plots indicates the reorientation of the molecule with the applied field. Using the experimental data and the theoretically fitted results the effective equivalent model circuit was designed. Which used to explain the behavior of the compound under the external electric effect and the influence of the electrodes with different variable represent the resistor circuit. However, the effect of the conductivity of temperature and frequency are also reported.     

Entropy Could Quantify Brain Activation Induced by Mechanical Impedance-Restrained Active Arm Motion: A Functional NIRS Study

Brain activation has been used to understand brain-level events associated with cognitive tasks or physical tasks. As a quantitative measure for brain activation, we propose entropy in place of signal amplitude and beta value, which are widely used, but sometimes criticized for their limitations and shortcomings as such measures. To investigate the relevance of our proposition, we provided 22 subjects with physical stimuli through elbow extension-flexion motions by using our exoskeleton robot, measured brain activation in terms of entropy, signal amplitude, and beta value; and compared entropy with the other two. The results show that entropy is superior, in that its change appeared in limited, well established, motor areas, while signal amplitude and beta value changes appeared in a widespread fashion, contradicting the modularity theory. Entropy can predict increase in brain activation with task duration, while the other two cannot. When stimuli shifted from the rest state to the task state, entropy exhibited a similar increase as the other two did. Although entropy showed only a part of the phenomenon induced by task strength, it showed superiority by showing a decrease in brain activation that the other two did not show. Moreover, entropy was capable of identifying the physiologically important location.     

Some notes on the impedance method for mechanistic studies of electrode reactions

Conditions for obtaining high precision impedance data on electrochemical metal/electrolyte interfaces are discussed and some results pertaining to several electrode reactions presented. The importance of the dropping mercury electrode is stressed. Published in Elektrokhimiya in Russian, 2009, vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 28–31. Dedicated to Professor B.V. Ershler on the occasion of the Centenary of his birth. The text was submitted by author in English.     

Electroconductive Hydrogels: Electrical and Electrochemical Properties of Polypyrrole‐Poly(HEMA) Composites

Composites of inherently conductive polypyrrole (PPy) within highly hydrophilic poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐based hydrogels (p(HEMA)) have been fabricated and their electrochemical properties investigated. The electrochemical characteristics observed by cyclic voltammetry suggest less facile reduction of PPy within the composite hydrogel compared to electropolymerized PPy, as shown by the shift in the reduction peak potential from ?472 mV for electropolymerized polypyrrole to ?636 mV for the electroconductive composite gel. The network impedance magnitude for the electroconductive hydrogel remains quite low, ca. 100 Ω, even upon approach to DC, over all frequencies and at all offset potentials suggesting retained electronic (bipolaronic) conductivity within the composite. In contrast, sustained application of +0.7 V (vs. Ag/AgCl, 3 M Cl^?) for typically 100 min. (conditioning) to reduce the background amperometric current to <1.0 μA, resulted in complete loss of electroactivity. Nyquist plots suggest that sustained application of such a modest potential to the composite hydrogel results in impedance characteristics that resembles p(HEMA) without evidence of the conducting polymer component. PPy composite gels supported a larger ferrocene monocarboxylate diffusivity (D_appt=7.97×10^?5 cm² s^?1) compared to electropolymerized PPy (D_appt=5.56×10^?5 cm² s^?1), however a marked reduction in diffusivity (D_appt=1.01×10^?5 cm² s^?1) was observed with the conditioned hydrogel composite. Cyclic voltammograms in buffer containing H₂O₂ showed an absence of redox peaks for electrodes coated with PPy‐containing membranes, suggesting possible chemical oxidation of polypyrrole by the oxidant     

电化学合成CoP-Cu复合丝及其巨磁阻抗效应

电化学合成CoP-Cu复合丝及其巨磁阻抗效应;钴磷非晶合金;电沉积;巨磁阻抗;复合丝     

ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYANILINE FILMS——EFFECT OF NEUTRAL SALTS ADDED DURING POLYMERIZATION*

The electrical and mechanical properties of polyaniline (PANI) films syn-thesized by the presence of the selected neutral salts in the polymerization were measuredas a function of the properties and the concentration of the selected neutral salts, andthe protonation state. It was found that both the electrical and mechanical properties ofPANI films were enhanced by adding neutral salts in the polymerization. The adding ofthe neutral salts in the polymerization resulted in extended conformation of polymer chainand increasing of molecular weight of PANI, which may be the reasons why the electricaland mechanical properties of PANI films were improved by the presence of neutral salts inthe polymerization.     

穿过液膜的自发电势振荡

本文研究的体系是在一个U 形玻璃管里,底部加入苦氨酸的硝基苯溶液(油相)作为人造液膜,右边支管中加入含乙醇的十八烷基三甲基氯化铵的水溶液,左边支管中加入蔗糖水溶液(或去离子水).电势振荡振幅在20—150mV 之间.根据文献报导,表面活性剂穿过油相产生界面振荡.本实验用的十八烷基三甲基氯化铵(简称C_(18)~+Cl~-)是一个阳离子型表面活性剂,与苦氨酸(简称HA)接触时显橙红色,     

中温固体氧化物燃料电池LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3-δ阴极材料的制备及性能表征

以硝酸镧、硝酸镍和硝酸铁为原料,柠檬酸作燃料低温燃烧合成固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3-δ.X射线衍射（XRD）图谱显示,600℃煅烧可形成单一的LaNi0.6 Fe0.4 O3-δ钙钛矿相.电子显微镜（TEM和SEM）照片看出,其颗粒尺寸〈100 nm.电池交流阻抗谱图表明,在1050℃烧结制...     

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of poly{pyrrole-trans-[(RuCl2(pmp)4]} copolymer films deposited on platinum electrodes

The present study focuses on the electronic and electrochemical features of a copolymer electrochemically grown from pyrrole and trans-[RuCl₂(pmp)₄] monomers, where pmp = 3-(pyrrol-1-ylmethyl)pyridine. The results from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses revealed the redox behavior of the poly{pyrrole-trans-[RuCl₂(pmp)₄]} compound as well as the non-homogeneous nature of the extremely thin polymeric layers. An equivalent circuit is proposed for an optimized film produced under the scope of the work. Received: 4 May 1998 / Accepted: 24 August 1998