中国近现代工业化学家——张泽垚

张泽垚是中国近现代化工学家。20世纪初他留美回国后投身于中国化工教育事业与国家工业化建设事业,对北京大学、北京女子师范大学、江南大学与华东理工大学化工系的发展做出重要贡献;并且他面向社会开展化工普及工作,促进了我国陶瓷学会的建立与发展。2020年是张泽垚逝世50周年,特撰文纪念他。对张泽垚生平的梳理,可以从一个侧面反映出中国近现代化工教育发展历程。     

An experimental approach to the study of the sedimentation of dispersed particles in a centrifugal field

Summary  On the basis of an especially developed centrifuge, a PC-controlled separation analyser has been assembled for the continuous registration of particles' sedimentation process in a fluid, caused by centrifugal acceleration. The system enables the parallel investigation of up to eight samples. During the centrifugation, the radial and temporal variation of light transmission through the samples is registered by means of a CCD line detector. Experiments were carried out with the separation analyser on manipulated rigid and sphered red blood cells for the verification of an established one-dimensional mixture fluid model. In particular, the influence of particle volume concentration as well as of the angular velocity on the sedimentation process was investigated. Justification could be furnished for the one-dimensional model based on the theory of kinematic waves and shocks. In addition, an algorithm has been developed for the experimental determination of the suspension's effective or apparent viscosity. Received 20 March 2001; accepted for publication 23 August 2001 RID=" ID=" This work is an abridged version of a part of the first author's PhD thesis. The study was supported in part by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (project 03 TOU 2063) and the foundation Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (project Le 734/1–2).     

You want them to remember? Then make it memorable! Means for enhancing operations research education

In this article I summarize the main points I made in the keynote presentation of the same title I gave at the EURO XXIV conference in Lisbon, Portugal in July of 2010. Each of these points deals in some way with making communications between an operations research professional (academic or practitioner) and a student, client, subordinate, supervisor, or colleague more effective. Furthermore, each point is directly related to some realization (or epiphany) that I have had with regard to communication since I began teaching ORMS in 1984. It is noteworthy that these communications share a common objective; we are trying to facilitate learning. Since I have spent most of my career in academia, my primary emphasis is on communication with students (particularly those enrolled in introductory ORMS courses). However, I have also spent a great deal of time working on operations research problems outside of academia, either as an employee in private industry or as an operations research consultant to corporations and not-for-profit organizations, and I hope as a consequence my discussion is also relevant to those working in the practice of ORMS.     

Synthesis of mevalonolactone (hiochic acid lactone) employing asymmetric epoxidation as the key-step

(R)( — )-Mevalonolactone (hiochic acid lactone)of 91–93%e.e. was synthesized from an achiral starting material employing the Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation as the key-step.     

The Hitchhiker's guide to quality assurance

A report is given on a 2-day symposium “The Hitchhikers Guide to Quality Assurance” held in Brisbane Australia, in 2005. More than 100 representatives of field laboratories attended this educational exercise organised by the Royal Australian Chemical Institute.     

Education and training of laboratory staff as a part of laboratory competence

Competence of laboratory staff is an important part of the technical competence of each laboratory. Because the speed at which knowledge goes out of date is increasing, maintaining laboratory staff competence at an appropriate level can be a very demanding requirement, especially for laboratories operating in a free market with little or no financial help from the state or from the larger organisation they possibly belong to. In order to manage staff competence effectively and efficiently, a laboratory must first define its services and the processes needed for realisation of these services. Responsibility for each step in these processes can then be assigned and gap analysis of current competence can be performed. This article analyses the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025 standard and gives some practical advice and solutions how to organize and manage staff competence.     

Possibilities for global governance of converging technologies

The convergence of nanotechnology, modern biology, the digital revolution and cognitive sciences will bring about tremendous improvements in transformative tools, generate new products and services, enable opportunities to meet and enhance human potential and social achievements, and in time reshape societal relationships. This paper focuses on the progress made in governance of such converging, emerging technologies and suggests possibilities for a global approach. Specifically, this paper suggests creating a multidisciplinary forum or a consultative coordinating group with members from various countries to address globally governance of converging, emerging technologies. The proposed framework for governance of converging technologies calls for four key functions: supporting the transformative impact of the new technologies; advancing responsible development that includes health, safety and ethical concerns; encouraging national and global partnerships; and establishing commitments to long-term planning and investments centered on human development. Principles of good governance guiding these functions include participation of all those who are forging or affected by the new technologies, transparency of governance strategies, responsibility of each participating stakeholder, and effective strategic planning. Introduction and management of converging technologies must be done with respect for immediate concerns, such as privacy, access to medical advancements, and potential human health effects. At the same time, introduction and management should also be done with respect for longer-term concerns, such as preserving human integrity, dignity and welfare. The suggested governance functions apply to four levels of governance: (a) adapting existing regulations and organizations; (b) establishing new programs, regulations and organizations specifically to handle converging technologies; (c) building capacity for addressing these issues into national policies and institutions; and (d) making international agreements and partnerships. Several possibilities for improving the governance of converging technologies in the global self-regulating ecosystem are recommended: using open-source and incentive-based models, establishing corresponding science and engineering platforms, empowering the stakeholders and promoting partnerships among them, implementing long-term planning that includes international perspectives, and institute voluntary and science-based measures for risk management.

浅谈复合型工程力学专业人才的培养

作为一名一线的力学教学科研人员, 通过自身的教学体会及深入相关行业了解和调研, 结合 实际情况, 客观地提出当前工程力学专业人才培养中存在的问题, 并思考当前高校工程力学 专业人才培养中需要做出的改革.     

多年时滞教育经济投入占用产出模型与教育结构研究

提出一个新的考虑多年时滞的动态投入占用产出模型研究教育结构,采用阶变法处理投入产出模型的非线性系数,编制2000年教育经济投入占用产出表,计算教育规模和人力资本需求和教育经费投入,发现高级人力资本在总量上,特别是结构上的短缺是中国经济发展的一个严重问题.     

核心素养视角下人教版新旧教材中“硫及其化合物”的对比分析*

选取人教版新旧必修化学教材中的“硫及其化合物”单元作为研究对象,基于新课标中化学学科核心素养的培养视角,明确了新课标对“硫及其化合物”的素养定位后,对新旧教材中该单元的引言、正文、栏目和插图进行对比分析。对比分析结果显示,新教材“硫及其化合物”的内容侧重“证据推理与模型认知”素养的培养,其次是“宏观辨识与微观探析”“科学态度与社会责任”素养,而在素养水平上则侧重水平1和2维度的培养,符合新课标对该主题单元的学业要求和素养定位。