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Over the last years, nanotechnology has contributed to the development of new botanical insecticides formulations based on essential oils (EO), which are safe for the human health and the environment. Nanoemulsions (NEs) can enhance the bioactivity of the EO to prevent the premature volatility and degradation of the active ingredients. In our work, geranium EO (Geranium maculatum L.) was used to develop micro and nanoemulsions adding Tween 80 as surfactant. For NEs formulation, ultrasound was applied and the physicochemical and ultrasound parameters were optimized: oil: surfactant ratio = 1:2, ultrasound power = 65 W, sonication time = 2 min, cycles = 30 on/20 off and ultrasonic probe distance = 3.7 cm. The NEs obtained had 13.58 nm and polydisperse index (PDI) values of 0.069. They were stored at 25 °C and were stable for 60 days.The present study also demonstrated the potential of NEs to enhance the toxicity of geranium EO against larvae of Culex pipiens pipiens (EO LC50 = 80.97 ppm, NEs LC50 = 48.27 ppm) and Plodia interpunctella (EO + β-cypermethrin LD50 = 0.16 μg larvae−1, NEs + β-cypermethrin LD50 = 0.07 μg larvae−1). Overall, our findings pointed out that NEs can increase twofold the insecticidal efficacy of EO, and thus, they can be considered further for the development of botanical insecticides. 相似文献
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Chromophores are the center piece of second order nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. The common chromophore consists of a Donor-Bridge-Acceptor structure. Donors and acceptors are connected by a bridge and together they make a fully conjugated system. Based on our previously synthesized novel acceptors [1], we have synthesized a large number of high electro-optic chromophores. In this paper, we report four general types of chromophore that were synthesized during the last few years in our l… 相似文献
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It is widely believed that the power-law is a proper probability distribution being effectively applied for evolution in τ-EO (extremal optimization), a general-purpose stochastic local-search approach inspired by self-organized criticality, and its applications in some NP-hard problems, e.g., graph partitioning, graph coloring, spin glass, etc. In this study, we discover that the exponential distributions or hybrid ones (e.g., power-laws with exponential cutoff) being popularly used in the research of network sciences may replace the original power-laws in a modified τ-EO method called self-organized algorithm (SOA), and provide better performances than other statistical physics oriented methods, such as simulated annealing, τ-EO and SOA etc., from the experimental results on random Euclidean traveling salesman problems (TSP) and non-uniform instances. From the perspective of optimization, our results appear to demonstrate that the power-law is not the only proper probability distribution for evolution in EO-similar methods at least for TSP, the exponential and hybrid distributions may be other choices. 相似文献
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光电对抗装备的分类及其分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
光电对抗装备现已大量装备各国的陆、海、空三军,成为军事装备现代化的一个重要标志。光电对抗装备具有手段多样的特点,为了加深对光电对抗装备的理解,适当的分类是必须的。主要介绍了光电对抗装备的发展和应用,讨论了已有光电对抗装备的分类方法,并从装备效能评估的角度出发,提出了按功能对光电对抗装备进行分类的方法。 相似文献
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Anuja Katariya Jain 《Liquid crystals》2013,40(8):1191-1202
The self-organising property of nematic liquid crystals (LCs) was used to align multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) dispersed in them. MWCNT not only well integrate in the matrix but also, even at very low concentration, have a detectable effect on the LC properties that can be very attractive for display applications. In the present work, MWCNT were doped (0–0.5% wt/wt) in two different types of LCs. These MWCNT doped polymer dispersed LC (CPDLC) films were studied comprehensively using fundamental techniques. Polarising optical microscope (POM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques used for morphological study reveal that the LC droplet size remains unchanged with increase in MWCNT concentration. The electro-optical (EO) study performed by increasing voltage in steps of 10 V up to 100 V at an optimised frequency of 200 Hz and at temperature 25°C shows that the low MWCNT concentration films show good optical response than the higher one. The dielectric behaviour of CPDLC films in the frequency range 20 Hz to 20 MHz was investigated using precision impedance analyser. The obtained data were modelled with Debye and Cole-Cole methods to calculate relaxation time and distribution parameter (α). The zero value of α indicates Debye type relaxation processes. 相似文献
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A comprehensive analytical method was established for the separation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) stearates according to the distribution of ethylene oxide (EO) and subsequent determination of the surfactants in cosmetic samples by using a high-performance liquid chromatography–evaporative light scattering detection. Separation of the PEG stearates comprising approximately up to 82 EO adducts was performed on a reversed-phase YMC-Pack C8 column using water–acetonitrile gradient elution. The PEG oligomers were separated in order of the increasing number of EO adducts. Quantitation of the PEG fatty acid esters, which was separated as single peak per each component, was performed by chromatography on a reversed-phase Wakosil 10 C18 column using water–methanol gradient elution. The standard curve to quantify the PEG stearates was constructed by the log–log plot, which showed good linearity with the correlation coefficients (R2) 0.998 and more. Working range, repeatability, limit of detection and recovery were acceptable for analysis of the surfactants in cosmetic products. The analytical methods were applied to characterize the PEG stearates according to the EO distributions, then to quantify the surfactants in cosmetic products. 相似文献
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Thin composite films consisting of liquid crystal (LC) domains surrounded by polymer networks, termed as polymer stabilised liquid crystals (PSLCs), were prepared by photo-polymerisation of a pre-polymer dissolved in LC. Four composite films were prepared with different rubbing directions and with and without electric field during photo-polymerisation. Morphological characterisation carried our using a polarising optical microscope (POM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) reveal significant changes in LC domain morphology and associated polymer networks with the application of electric field during the fabrication of the films. The electro-optic (EO) properties of PSLC films placed between two crossed polarisers were studied using a He–Ne laser under an action of externally applied electric field. It was found that the PSLC film with twisted alignment and polymerised in the presence of electric field showed better EO properties than other films. Transmittance obtained by EO studies was verified with absorbance studies using a Ultraviolet-Visible spectrophotometer. The dielectric behaviour of PSLC films in the frequency range 20–20 MHz was investigated using a precision impedance analyser. The obtained data were modelled using Debye and Cole–Cole methods to calculate relaxation time and distribution parameter. The relaxation time calculated through the Cole–Cole model is in agreement with response time. 相似文献
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合成了希土高氯酸盐开环冠醚二缩乙二醇(EO2)晶体,(Ln=Nd, Ho),测定了结构,文内以Nd-L的数据为主要研究对象(方括号内是Ho-L的数据)。晶体属单斜晶系,P21/n空间群,化学式[Ln(EO2)3](ClO4)3·3H2O,晶胞参数为:a=14.124(1)[14.087], b=13.990(1)[14.039], c=15.265(1)[15.014]?; β=95.78(1)[95.64]°; V=3001.1(6)[2955]?3; Mr=815.01[835.70]; Z=4; Dc=1.804[1.865]g/cm3;石墨单色器,μ(MoKα)=2.09[3.07] mm-1,最终偏离因子R=0.055[0.074], RW=0.071[0.109]。研究结果表明晶体具有相同的结构,配位多面体为九配位三帽三棱柱。发现EO2醚链有绕C-C键呈STT分布的规律。弱配体高氯酸根不参加配位。 相似文献