β-环糊精及其衍生物对脂肪族手性对映体及有机染料的分子识别研究

在25℃用荧光和紫外光谱滴定法分别测定了β-环糊精(β-CD)、2,3,6-三[氧-(2-羟基丙基)]-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)及2,3,6-三(甲氧基)-β-环糊精(MO-β-CD)与6种脂肪族手性客体和4种染料分子形成超分子配合物的稳定常数.结果表明,多种弱相互作用协同贡献于主-客体的包结配位过程.环糊精衍生物中取代基的疏水性和链长影响主体的配位能力,客体与环糊精间的尺寸适合及疏水相互作用决定其配合物的稳定性.在配位过程中,氢键作用也是影响主体环糊精键合行为的重要因素.     

多胺修饰β-环糊精及其铜配合物对几种模型底物的分子识别

用荧光和紫外光谱滴定技术分别测定了β－环糊精（1）、单-[6-(乙二胺基）－6－脱氧]-β－环糊精(2)，单-[6-(二乙烯三胺基）－6－脱氧]-β－环糊精(3)、单-[6-(三乙烯四胺基）－6－脱氧]-β－环糊精(4)及其相应的铜配合物（5，6，7）在25℃，pH为7．2和2．0的缓冲溶液中，与几种染料分子作为模型底物形成超分子配合物的稳定常数。结果表明，环糊精和修饰环糊精均使客体RhB的荧光强度下降，而使其它客体分子的荧光强度增强。与母体环糊精相比，铜键合修饰β－环糊精和修饰环糊精质子化可以增强主客体间的静电相互作用，从而提高对一些底物的键合能力。从主客体间的尺寸与形状关系讨论了主体（1－7）对染料分子识别的机理。     

Mechanism of synthesis of anatase TiO2 pigment from low concentration of titanyl sulfuric–chloric acid solution under hydrothermal hydrolysis

In order to investigate the influence of Cl⁻/SO₄²⁻ molar ratios and hydrolysis temperature on the hydrolysis process and TiO₂ pigment, H₂TiO₃ was prepared with a low concentration of titanyl sulfuric–chloric acid solution by hydrothermal hydrolysis. Under the optimal hydrolysis conditions, 1.5–2.2 μm of H₂TiO₃ samples were achieved. After doping and calcination, anatase TiO₂ pigments demonstrated excellent performance: the achromic ability of tinctorial strength (TCS) and blue phase index (SCX) were 1,429 and 4.07, respectively. As hydrolysis was a significant step in the process, the structure was simplified to a periodic structure of Ti[OH](H₂O)₃Cl(SO₄) to simulate the cluster structures. Based on experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) calculation, the hydrolysis mechanism was presumed to be a process of anionic (OH⁻, Cl⁻ and SO₄²⁻) competition reaction to explain the formation of anatase-type H₂TiO₃, and the crystal growth direction of H₂TiO₃ was also confirmed to be a (OA) and b (OB).     

Anthocyanin Pigments: Beyond Aesthetics

Anthocyanins are polyphenol compounds that render various hues of pink, red, purple, and blue in flowers, vegetables, and fruits. Anthocyanins also play significant roles in plant propagation, ecophysiology, and plant defense mechanisms. Structurally, anthocyanins are anthocyanidins modified by sugars and acyl acids. Anthocyanin colors are susceptible to pH, light, temperatures, and metal ions. The stability of anthocyanins is controlled by various factors, including inter and intramolecular complexations. Chromatographic and spectrometric methods have been extensively used for the extraction, isolation, and identification of anthocyanins. Anthocyanins play a major role in the pharmaceutical; nutraceutical; and food coloring, flavoring, and preserving industries. Research in these areas has not satisfied the urge for natural and sustainable colors and supplemental products. The lability of anthocyanins under various formulated conditions is the primary reason for this delay. New gene editing technologies to modify anthocyanin structures in vivo and the structural modification of anthocyanin via semi-synthetic methods offer new opportunities in this area. This review focusses on the biogenetics of anthocyanins; their colors, structural modifications, and stability; their various applications in human health and welfare; and advances in the field.     

Simultaneous determination of dyes in wines by HPLC coupled to quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry

A new method combining the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method with ultra high performance liquid chromatography and ESI quadrupole Orbitrap high‐resolution MS was developed for the highly accurate and sensitive screening of 69 dyes in wines. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the QuEChERS sample preparation method for the determination of 69 different analytes in wines for the first time. After optimization, the maximum predicted recovery was 99.48% rate for canacert indigo carmine under the optimized conditions of 10 mL acetonitrile, 1.45 g sodium acetate, 107 mg primary secondary amine, and 96 mg C₁₈. For the matrices studied, the recovery rates of the other 68 compounds ranged from 87.2–107.4%, with coefficient of variation < 6.4%. The mass accuracy typically obtained is routinely better than 1.6 ppm and only needed to be calibrated once a week. The LODs for the analytes are in the range 1–1000 μg/kg. This method has been successfully applied on screening of dyes in commercial wines, and it is very useful for the fast screening of different food additives.     

Characterization of natural organic colorants in historical and art objects by high‐performance liquid chromatography

High‐performance liquid chromatography plays an important role in analysis of historical organic colorants. A number of papers have been published in this field over the last 30 years. Classification of the most commonly used natural dyes and an overview of high‐performance liquid chromatography methods with main focus on recent works (2008 to the beginning of 2014) are provided. The review deals with an entire analytical protocol covering sample preparation, chromatographic separation, and suitable detection (UV/visible and fluorescent spectroscopy and mass spectrometric techniques). High‐performance liquid chromatography has been successfully used in the complete characterization of some organic dyestuffs present in historical and art objects. The possibilities and difficulties for identification of natural sources of historical colorants are also discussed.     

Characterization of Pr-CeO2 Nano-crystallites Prepared by Low-temperature Combustion & Hydrothermal Synthesis

Pr-CeO2 Nano-crystalline red pigments were prepared by low-temperature combustion with a later hydrothermal treatment using Ce(NO3)3·6H2O and Pr6O11 as raw materials. The phase composition, coloring mechanism and morphology of pigments were analyzed by XRD, SEM,EDS and XPS. Results showed that Pr-CeO2 solid solution with a fluorite structure was obtained by the diffusion of Pr+3 into CeO2 crystal lattice during the synthesis process. XPS analysis indicated that Pr+3 substitutes Ce+4 in CeO2 and is compensated by oxygen vacancies. Compared with low-temperature combustion synthesis, the Pr-CeO2 pigments prepared with a subsequent hydrothermal treatment have an average grain size of about 16.70 nm, and the crystallinity and red tonality are improved.     

THERMOCHROMIC EFFECTS OF LEUCO DYES STUDIED IN POLYPROPYLENE

A series of thermochromic polypropylene foils were prepared by embedding various leuco dye-developer-solvent systems in the polymer matrix. Bisphenol A, laurylgallate, ethylgallate and p-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester were used as developers, crystal violet lactone and 3,3-bis-（1-n-butyl-2-methyl-3-indolyl）-phthalide as dyes and l-octanoic acid methyl ester as solvent. The molar ratio between the three components of the investigated leuco dye-developer-solvent systems was kept constant. All obtained polypropylene foils exhibit an excellent thermochromic behavior. The foils, prepared by extrusion technology, switch from color to colorless with increasing temperature. The influence of molecular structure of the developer on the intensity of the colored state and the influence of a developer-surfactant complex on the resulting thermochromic properties were investigated. The results are presented and discussed in detail according to a molecular model suggesting that the ring-opening process of the leuco dye is triggered by the formation of dye-developer complexes via H-bondings.