Optimization of DNA Hybridization on Aminopropyl-Controlled Pore-Glass Particles: Detection of Non-Labeled Targets by PicoGreen Staining

A rapid and cost effective strategy was developed to detect the hybridization of DNA sequences, covalently attached to aminopropyl-controlled pore glass particles (ACPG) with non-labeled targets. The optimization of parameters, such as immobilization chemistry, hybridization time, and washing conditions, was first accomplished using a direct method based on the detection of fluorescein-labeled complementary targets. Under the optimized conditions, a methodology based on the post PicoGreen staining of the duplex molecules formed upon hybridization was demonstrated. This approach eliminates the requirements for pre-target labeling, while providing a rapid detection (less than 20 minutes) of specific complementary targets present in the solution.     

Numerical investigation of using various electrode arrangements for amplifying the EHD enhanced heat transfer in a smooth channel

Forced convection heat transfer enhancement with electrohydrodynamic (EHD) technique of turbulent flow inside a smooth channel has been numerically investigated. A two dimensional numerical approach has been chosen to evaluate the local and average heat transfer coefficient. In addition, the swirling flow pattern in the presence of an electric field has been studied. To achieve higher enhancement while using multiple electrodes, variety of electrode arrangements have been examined for specified values of Reynolds number, applied voltage, and wire radius. The results demonstrate that different electrode arrangements cause significant improvement of the heat transfer coefficient.     

Intense laser beam propagating in a plasma channel with flat-bottom leaky density profile

The propagation characteristics of an intense laser beam in a preformed plasma channel with the flat-bottom leaky density profile are investigated in detail. The evolution equation of the laser spot size is derived by employing variational technique. Seven propagation modes of the laser spot size are identified and some numerical results are presented. By comparison, we find that the results in this Letter may be more realistic since the flat-bottom leaky plasma channel comes closer to the practical plasma channel.     

Mechanical erosion by flowing lava

Hot lava is a viscous fluid that, driven by gravity, moves along the Earth's surface. Intuitively, one attributes constructional properties to lava–it accumulates in volcanic landforms, compound lava fields and, in the end, entire mountains. On the other hand, there are also examples of the erosive power of lava: on Earth and especially on other planets in the Solar System, there exist channels incised by flowing lava. The origins of these erosive features have long been debated among volcanologists and planetologists. The dominant paradigm is thermal erosion, although it leaves many questions open. After the 2001 eruption on Mount Etna we found a lava channel whose features cannot be explained in the frame of thermal erosion. On the basis of our observations, we have developed a model for mechanical erosion that explains the main field observations, and opens alternative ways to describe erosion by flowing lava.     

Experimental Investigation of Subcooled Vertical Upward Flow Boiling in a Narrow Rectangular Channel

Accurate models for the onset of nucleate boiling, density of active nucleation sites (N_a), bubble departure size (D_d), and departure frequency (f_d) are essential to the success of computational fluid dynamics analysis of two-phase thermal-hydraulics involving subcooled flow boiling in nuclear reactor systems. This work presents an experimental study of subcooled flow boiling in a vertical upward narrow rectangular channel that mimics the flow passage in the plate fuel assembly of boiling water reactors. The experiments are conducted over a range of mass flux (G = 122–657 kg/m²s), inlet subcooling (ΔT_sub = 4.7–33.3?C), and heat flux (q″ = 1.7–28.9 W/cm²). Based on the experimental data, empirical correlations are developed for the prediction of onset of nucleate boiling, N_a, D_d, and f_d for given flow conditions. These correlations are valid in the nucleate boiling regime when the wall superheat is less than 12°C and can be incorporated in the computational fluid dynamics codes to enable more precise simulation of subcooled flow boiling heat transfer and two-phase flow in nuclear energy applications.     

阻变存储器复合材料界面及电极性质研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理对比研究了Cu（111）/HfO₂（001）,Cu（111）/HfO₂（010）,Cu（111）/HfO₂（100）三种复合材料界面模型的失配率、界面束缚能、电荷密度、电子局域函数以及差分电荷密度. 计算结果表明：Cu（111）/HfO₂（010）失配率最小,界面束缚能最大,界面体系相对最稳定;对比电荷密度及电子局域函数图显示,只有HfO₂（010）方向形成的复合材料体系出现了垂直Cu电极方向完整连通的电子通道,表明电子在此方向上具有局域性、连通性,与阻变存储器（RRAM）器件导通方向一致;差分电荷密度图显示,Cu（111）/HfO₂（010）复合材料体系界面处存在电荷密度分布重叠的现象,界面处有电子的相互转移、成键的存在;进一步计算了Cu（111）/HfO₂（010）体系距离界面不同位置的间隙Cu原子形成能,表明越靠近界面Cu原子越容易进入HfO₂ 体内,在外加电压下易发生电化学反应,从而导致Cu导电细丝的形成与断裂. 研究结果可为RRAM存储器的制备及性能的提高提供理论指导和设计工具. 关键词： 阻变存储器 复合材料 界面 电子通道     

应变SiGe p 型金属氧化物半导体场效应管栅电容特性研究

由于台阶的出现, 应变SiGe p型金属氧化物半导体场效应管 (pMOSFET) 的栅电容特性与体Si器件的相比呈现出很大的不同, 且受沟道掺杂的影响严重. 本文在研究应变SiGe pMOSFET器件的工作机理及其栅电容C-V 特性中台阶形成机理的基础上, 通过求解器件不同工作状态下的电荷分布, 建立了应变SiGe pMOSFET栅电容模型, 探讨了沟道掺杂浓度对台阶的影响. 与实验数据的对比结果表明, 所建立模型能准确反映应变SiGe pMOSFET器件的栅电容特性, 验证了模型的正确性. 该理论为Si基应变金属氧化物半导体(MOS)器件的设计制造提供了重要的指导作用, 并已成功应用于Si基应变器件模型参数提取软件中, 为Si基应变MOS的仿真奠定了理论基础. 关键词： 应变SiGe pMOSFET 栅电容特性 台阶效应 沟道掺杂     

依据光谱研究闪电放电通道的半径及能量传输特性

利用无狭缝摄谱仪获得的云对地闪电回击过程的光谱, 结合同步辐射电场变化资料, 计算了闪电放电通道的温度、线电荷密度、通道的初始半径和扩张后的半径以及回击通道单位长度储存的能量. 结果与文献报道的其他方法得到的结果符合很好. 这些物理量的相关性分析表明: 电弧通道的初始半径主要取决于回击电流的持续时间; 通道温度越高, 半径越大; 通道初始半径、单位长度储存的能量与光谱总强度正相关, 通道单位长度储存的能量与初始半径的平方成正比. 关键词： 闪电放电通道 半径 能量 光谱总强度     

沟道宽度对ZnO-TFT电学性能的影响

用射频磁控溅射法生长的ZnO薄膜作为有源层,制备出了ZnO基薄膜晶体管(ZnO-TFT),并在空气环境下350℃退火1 h,研究了沟道宽度对ZnO-TFT器件性能的影响。实验结果表明:阈值电压随着沟道宽度的减小而增加,这是由于沟道越窄,载流子被捕获的几率越大,在相同栅压下沟道内可动载流子浓度越小,相应的阈值电压就越大;饱和迁移率随着沟道宽度的减小而增加,认为这是由源/漏电阻的侧壁效应及边缘电子场效应引起的附加电流所致。     

CCD中激光光斑的全饱和单侧拖尾现象

利用532 nm连续激光辐照以东芝TCD1200D型线阵CCD为图像传感器的扫描相机进行实验,在相机输出视频中发现了光斑拖尾的现象,拖尾有限长、全饱和并且仅在光斑一侧。分析排除了光分布造成拖尾的可能原因。其单侧、有限长的特点不符合像素溢出或漏光造成的拖尾,而与转移损失造成的拖尾一致。但其全饱和的特点,不符合目前转移损失率的常数模型。针对当前体沟道CCD的内部结构和工作原理,提出了一种转移损失率随电荷量变化的模型,对新发现的全饱和单侧拖尾进行了解释。