Amperometric Glucose Biosensor Based on Glucose Oxidase Encapsulated in Carbon Nanotube–Titania–Nafion Composite Film on Platinized Glassy Carbon Electrode

A highly sensitive and selective glucose biosensor has been developed based on immobilization of glucose oxidase within mesoporous carbon nanotube–titania–Nafion composite film coated on a platinized glassy carbon electrode. Synergistic electrocatalytic activity of carbon nanotubes and electrodeposited platinum nanoparticles on electrode surface resulted in an efficient reduction of hydrogen peroxide, allowing the sensitive and selective quantitation of glucose by the direct reduction of enzymatically‐liberated hydrogen peroxide at ?0.1 V versus Ag/AgCl (3 M NaCl) without a mediator. The present biosensor responded linearly to glucose in the wide concentration range from 5.0×10^?5 to 5.0×10^?3 M with a good sensitivity of 154 mA M^?1cm^?2. Due to the mesoporous nature of CNT–titania–Nafion composite film, the present biosensor exhibited very fast response time within 2 s. In addition, the present biosensor did not show any interference from large excess of ascorbic acid and uric acid.     

Development and characterization of ion selective electrode for the assay of antimony

The construction and general performance characteristics of two novel potentiometric carbon paste electrodes (CPE) responsive to antimony are described. These sensors are based on the use of the ion associate complexes of tetraiodoantimonate (TIA) anion with cetylpyridinium (CP) and triphenyl tetrazolium (TPT) counter cations as ion exchange site in a carbon paste matrix. The two sensors exhibits fast, stable and near-Nernstian for the mono charged TIA anion over the concentration range 1 × 10⁻³ to 10⁻⁶ M at 25 °C in the pH range 4-10 with anionic slope of 58.0 ± 0.5 and 55.0 ± 0.7 per concentration decade for TIA-CP and TIA-TPT, respectively. The lower detection limits are 4 and 5 × 10⁻⁶ M and response time are 20 and 30 s in the same order of both electrodes. Selectivity coefficients for antimony relative to a number of different cations and anions were investigated. There is negligible interference from many inorganic cation and anion except for Hg²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Bi³⁺; however, their effect were eliminated by EDTA. The determination of 1.0-120.0 μg/ml of antimony in aqueous solutions shows an average recovery of 99.0 and 97.5% with relative standard deviation of 2.0% for both electrodes at 40 μg/ml. The determination of antimony in wastewater and some antibilharzial compounds using the proposed electrodes gave results that compare favorably with those obtained by the atomic absorption spectrometric method. Precipitation titrations involving cetylpyridinium chloride as titrant are monitored with both electrodes with inflection point of 180 and 100 mV for TIA-CP and TIA-TPT, respectively.     

Carbon Dioxide as an Alternative C1 Synthetic Unit: Activation by Transition-Metal Complexes

The carbon dioxide molecule has been of limited importance as a synthetic unit in organic chemistry. When it is coordinated to transition metals, however, completely new possibilities arise; CO₂ can bond to metal complexes in a variety of ways and can enter into insertion and coupling reactions, or become catalytically attached to other substrates. The formation of C? C bonds between carbon dioxide and unsaturated hydrocarbons under conditions of homogeneous catalysis makes available new synthetic routes to industrially interesting organic compounds.     

Separation of mixtures of permanent gases and light hydrocarbons on spherical carbon molecular sieves by gas-solid chromatography

Summary Experimental results are presented on the application of Carbosieve S (Supelco) and Spherocarb (Analabs) spherical carbon molecular sieves for the gas chromatographic separation of mixtures of permanent gases and C₁–C₃ hydrocarbons using a single column or two columns in series. At a programmed temperature of 35–300°C, good separation of the sample components was obtained when using helium as the carrier gas. When hydrogen was used as the carrier gas and the analysis was carried out under isothermal conditions the elution sequence of oxygen and nitrogen reversed as the temperature was increased. This behaviour was observed within a temperature range of 35–225°C for Carbosieve S, and within a temperature range of 35–300°C for Spherocarb.     

Diffusion coefficients of 2-fluoroanisole, 2-bromoanisole, allylbenzene and 1,3-divinylbenzene at infinite dilution in supercritical carbon dioxide

The Taylor–Aris chromatographic technique was employed for the determination of diffusion coefficients of 2-fluoroanisole, 2-bromoanisole, allylbenzene and 1,3-divinylbenzene at infinite dilution in supercritical carbon dioxide from 313.16 to 333.16 K and pressures between 15 and 35 MPa. As expected, the diffusivities rise when temperature increases and pressure decreases. Numerous predictive equations are compared with experimental data: Lai–Tan, Liu–Ruckenstein cluster formula, Woerlee, Hippler–Schubert–Troe, Catchpole–King, Eaton–Akgerman, He, He–Yu, Liu–Silva–Macedo, Funazukuri and coworkers, Dariva–Coelho–Oliveira, Zhu–Lu–Zhou–Wang–Shi and the Liu–Ruckenstein RHS formula. The equations of He, He–Yu and Catchpole–King are the best of all, but cannot be used in the whole range of temperatures and solvent densities.     

氟钽酸钾中碳存在形式的探讨

本文从氟钽酸钾（Ｋ２ＴａＦ６）的生产工艺论述了有机物存在于Ｄ２ＴａＦ６的可能性。通过Ｋ２ＴａＦ６低温通氧燃烧前后测定碳的结果比较，以及Ｘ射线能谱仪表面分析结果，证实了碳的来源是残留的有机萃取剂。     

Immobilization and direct electrochemistry of cytochrome <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">c</Emphasis> at a single-walled carbon nanotube-modified electrode

A single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)-modified electrode was fabricated and characterized by SEM and ac impedance techniques. The direct electrochemistry of cytochrome c (Cyt c), which was adsorbed on the surface of the SWNT, was studied by cyclic voltammetry. The results from cyclic voltammetry and infrared spectroscopy indicated that Cyt c remained in its original structure and did not undergo structural change after its immobilization on the SWNT. Further results demonstrated that the SWNT had promotional effects on the direct electron transfer of Cyt c and also indicated that the immobilized Cyt c retained its electrocatalytic activity to the reduction of H₂O₂. This modified electrode might be used in development of new biosensors and the biofuel cells.     

不同分子筛载体对CO加氢产物分布的影响

研究了几种小孔分子筛ＺＳＭ－５，ＨＹ，ＮａＹ及β担载ＺｒＯ２对Ｃ加氢反应的催化作用，并就产物的分布情况与担载ＺｒＯ２的硅铝中孔分子筛进行了对比研究。其中中孔分子筛分别用季铵盐和一级胺为模板剂，在水热条件和常温常压下合成；并用ＢＥＴ，ＸＲＤ，ＳＥＭ等手段表征了它们的孔道和骨架结构。另外，考察了碱金属Ｋ＾２＋，Ｎａ＾２＋对催化剂催化性能的影响。     

Sandwich-type transition metal complexes [(CBO)n]2M with carbon boronyl ligands (CBO)n (n=4–6)

A density functional theory investigation on a series of sandwich-type transition metal complexes [(CBO)_n]₂M (n=4–6; M=transition metals) with carbon boronyls (CBO)_n as effective aromatic ligands has been presented in this work at B3LYP level. The ground-states of these complexes possess staggered D_nd symmetries, while the corresponding eclipsed D_nh structures exist as transition states with slightly higher energies (within 5.8 kJ/mol). Carbon boronyl complexes [(CBO)_n]₂M are confirmed to be much more stable than their boron carbonyl isomers [(BCO)_n]₂M, which, on the other hand, take eclipsed ground-states with D_nh symmetries. The carbon boronyl complexes [(BCO)_n]₂M proposed in this work parallelize the well-known sandwich-type hydrocarbon complexes [C_nH_n]₂M in coordination chemistry with boronyl groups –BO isolobal to –H atoms in corresponding ligands.     

Influence of sorbed carbon dioxide on transition temperatures of poly(p-phenylene sulphide)

Static pressure usually increases the transition temperatures of polymers by decreasing their free volume. If the pressurizing medium is soluble in the polymer matrix, the opposing effect of increasing the free volume is possible. Those shifts of transition temperatures were monitored with a medium-pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) device. The influences of sorbed and surrounding gas molecules are demonstrated by changes occurring in the transition temperature regions. The results show the severe plasticizing effect of CO₂ on poly(p-phenylene sulphide) (PPS). The glass transition temperature T_G and the temperature of crystallization T_C are influenced by sorbed gas molecules. They decrease due to sorbed CO₂ molecules. Glass transition is lowered, but is difficult to interpret, as relaxation phenomena which diminish with increasing pressure occur during DSC runs. In crystallites no gas solution is usually possible, so that the melting point of PPS is mainly affected by influences other than plasticization.