激光照明水下目标距离选通成像系统的研制

基于水下目标探测的应用需求,研制开发了一套激光水下距离选通成像系统。系统采用波长532 nm、最大单脉冲能量400 mJ的Nd:YAG脉冲激光器作为照明光源,采用最小选通门宽3 ns、像元10241024的ICCD相机作为门选通器件和图像记录器件,利用DG535型数字脉冲发生器作为精确延时和同步控制器件实现激光脉冲和ICCD相机选通门的同步以实现距离选通功能。利用该系统在某水库进行了水下目标探测实验,实验结果表明,该系统可在6.5倍的衰减长度上识别目标,在8倍衰减长度上发现目标。     

基于组态软件和多串口通讯的真空检漏监测系统设计与开发

许 婕,蔡立君,卢 勇,罗 山,张 龙,田培红     

共振拉曼光谱技术应用综述

拉曼光谱是提供物质结信息的强有力工具。但由于拉曼散射信号弱,灵敏度低,因此应用范围受到限制。而在共振拉曼光谱(RRS)中,由于激发光源频率落在分子的某一电子吸收带内,分子吸收光子向电子激发态的跃迁变成了共振吸收,因此对入射光的吸收强度大大增加。与常规拉曼光谱相比,RRS能够提高信号强度的106倍。因此,RRS检测技术以其更高的灵敏度和选择性而具有更广的应用,特别是在生物学及医学等领域。如：(1)生物基质中的类胡萝卜素和叶绿素等色素分析;(2)细胞、蛋白质和DNA等有机物研究以及一些临床疾病诊断。RRS可以得到在常规拉曼光谱中隐藏的、更为重要的分子结构信息。RRS总是在很低的浓度下测试,且共振拉曼增强的谱线是属于产生电子吸收的基团,这对于有色物和生物样品尤为重要。因为很多这类样品的活性部位接近于生色基团,且研究对象往往是生物大分子的某一部分,所以在研究生物物质的结构和功能的关系时,RRS起着重要作用。近年来,由于光谱技术的发展使得RRS检测技术得到创新与延伸,如液芯光纤共振拉曼光谱和透射共振拉曼光谱等新技术的应用。通过对近几年有关RRS技术应用的原始论文、数据和主要观点进行归纳整理与分析提炼,介绍了RRS这一专题的历史背景和研究现状,分别对共振拉曼光谱的色素检测、生物检测和爆炸物检测等应用领域展开详细的综述,并介绍了相关新技术的发展应用。随着光谱技术的快速发展,RRS必将在科研领域拥有其他光谱技术不可取代的重要地位。     

地面积水与装甲目标毫米波被动探测信号差异研究

以往毫米波被动探测中以平面金属目标代替立体金属目标(如装甲目标),而平面金属目标的探测信号又和地面积水的探测信号非常相似,所以导致这三种目标难以分辨。针对这一问题,从毫米波被动探测平面金属、积水、装甲目标探测信号的基本理论出发,通过建立目标模型、推导天线温度计算模型,仿真得到了这三种目标的探测信号,查找信号差异并分析总结了造成差异的根源。仿真结果证实了分析的正确性和有效性,为地面装甲目标识别算法的研究提供了必要的理论支撑和分析依据。     

多波长激光探测微小摄像头机理研究北大核心CSCD

基于激光不同波段的探测传输特点,通过分析典型微小摄像头的回波传输特性,提出了一种针对多波长激光特征检测微小摄像头的研究方案。利用几何光学和波动光学理论,分析微小摄像头结构及其反射光谱特征,计算并仿真了一定探测距离下的回波光场,在此基础上搭建多波长激光检测系统。实验结果表明,在一定的景深范围内,具有红外截止滤光片的微小摄像头对可见光的回波光斑衍射环特征明显、条纹对比度高且可探测距离远;近红外波段的目标回波功率低、后向散射干扰严重,可探测距离近;短波红外波段几乎不受红外截止滤光片影响,且1550 nm处于人眼安全波段。实验结果与数值分析、理论仿真结果一致,验证了短波红外激光用于探测微小摄像头的可行性。     

Radiophotolumenescence of Irradiated Polymethylmethacrylate Doped with Some Charge Transfer Complexes

Radiophotolumenescence (RPL) of irradiated and non irradiated thin films of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) doped with anthracene (Anth) as a donor, and tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) as an acceptor, has been investigated. The RPL – glow spectrum was recorded to study the characterizing emission bands from the point of view of glow peak position and intensity and hence the prospective relative sensitivities. RFL – signal fading after one month storage in dark at room temperature post gamma irradiation was also studied. PMMA doped with 6:4 donor to acceptor ratio has been proved to be the most sensitive one with less fading regarding gamma detection. On the other hand 2 Anth: 8 TCNQ was found to be the proper dopant concentration ratio for thermal neutron detection.     

Comparative Liquid Chromatographic Studies for the Determination of Bioactive Peptides

Reliable and sensitive chromatographic methods have been developed and applied to determine derivatized di- and tripeptides: aspartame, carnosine, glutathione, alanyl-glutamine, and γ-glutamyl-cysteine. Photodiode-array detection was used for dansyl-chloride derivatives, while fluorescent detection was carried out for orthophthaldialdehyde derivatized peptides to obtain higher sensitivity. The sensitivity and detection limits were determined and compared in order to select the most efficient analytical method. Transition metal complexes [zinc(II), cadmium(II), silver(I), and copper(II)] with cysteine containing peptides were also determined with ultraviolet-visible detection. The structural identification was carried out by the analysis of the mass-spectra recorded with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization method in separate chromatographic experiments.     

一种可视化检测肼的苯并噁唑类荧光增强型探针

以苯并噁唑为荧光基团，合成和表征了一种用于可视化检测N₂H₄的荧光增强型探针(HL2)，并研究了其光谱性质。实验结果表明，HL2对N₂H₄具有高的选择性和灵敏度，抗干扰能力强，响应快，它对N₂H₄的检测限为0.072 μmol·L^-1。此外，HL2可应用于实际水体样品中N₂H₄的检测，并且还能实现HeLa细胞中N₂H₄的荧光成像。     

Skin layer detection of optical coherence tomography images

In this paper, we present an image processing algorithm to automatically and more precisely detect the boundary between the main skin layers: stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis. The aim of the proposed skin layer detection algorithm is to assist the dermatologists to measure the epidermal thickness (ET) for skin diseases diagnosis and also to assist pharmacologists so that they can make a better decision for prescribing according to the advancement of the skin disorders characterized with ET change.     

An HPLC method for the determination of selected amino acids in human embryo culture medium

A method for the determination of selected amino acids in culture medium using HPLC with fluorescence detection is described. Twenty hours after intra‐cytoplasmic sperm injection, one randomly selected zygote was transferred to the culture medium. After incubation (72 h after fertilization), the culture medium in which the embryo was incubated and blank medium was immediately stored at −80°C. Filtered medium samples were derivatized with ortho ‐phthalaldehyde (naphthalene‐2,3‐dicarboxaldehyde), forming highly fluorescent amino acids derivatives. Reverse‐phase columns (LichroCART, Purospher STAR RP_18e or Ascentis Express C₁₈) were used for the separation. The derivatives were analyzed by gradient elution with a mobile phase containing ethanol and sodium dihydrogen phosphate. The analytical performance of this method is satisfactory for all amino acids; the intra‐assay coefficients of variation were <10% and quantitative recoveries were between 95.5 and 104.4%. Changes in the levels of selected amino acids before and after human embryo cultivation were observed. After embryo incubation, the levels of all amino acids in the medium were increased, apart from aspartate and asparagine. After the cultivation of some embryos, amino acids which were not part of the medium were detected. Low amino acids turnover was observed in some embryos.