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101.
Two-step preparation for catalyst-free biodiesel fuel production 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Biodiesel fuel was prepared by a two-step reaction: hydrolysis and methyl esterification. Hydrolysis was carried out at a
subcritical state of water to obtain fatty acids from triglycerides of rapeseed oil, while the methyl esterification of the
hydrolyzed products of triglycerides was treated near the supercritical methanol condition to achieve fatty acid methyl esters.
Consequently, the two-step preparation was found to convert rapessed oil to fatty acid methyl esters in considerably shorter
reaction time and milder reaction condition than the direct supercritical methanol treatment. The optimum reaction condition
in this two-step preparation was 270°C and 20 min for hydrolysis and methyl esterification, respectively. Variables affecting
the yields in hydrolysis and methyl esterification are discussed. 相似文献
102.
Helical poly(3-methyl-4-vinylpyridine) (P3M4VP)/amino acid complexes have been prepared via acid-base reaction of the achiral polymer with D and L amino acids: alanine, leucine, valine, serine and phenylalanine. The circular dichroism (CD) spectra of P3M4VP/D- and L-alanine complexes in CH(3)OH/H(2)O show opposing (near mirror image) Cotton effect signals at 278.4, 274.8 and 270.8 nm, indicating the formation of enantiomeric secondary structures. The formation of the enantiomeric structures is supported by observed [alpha](D)(25) values of -3.0 and +3.0 for the P3M4VP/D-alanine and P3M4VP/L-alanine complexes, respectively. The preparation of helical P3M4VP/amino acid complexes has been carried out in CH(3)OH and H(2)O at pH 1.8 and 2.7. The intensities of the Cotton effect signals were good. For example, for the P3M4VP/L-alanine complexes in CH(3)OH/H(2)O and H(2)O (pH 1.8), the second Cotton effect signal around 275-277 nm show [theta;] values of 49 980 and 79 210 deg . cm(2) . dmol(-1), respectively. The formation of the helical secondary structure is rapid. The acid-base reaction between P3M4VP and L-alanine in CH(3)OH/H(2)O, in 10 min, show a CD spectrum with Cotton effect signals at 274 and 272 nm with [theta] values of 27,000 deg . cm(2) . dmol(-1) and -36,000 deg . cm(2) . dmol(-1), respectively. P3M4VP permits ready conformational reorientation on complexation with amino acids, but once the helical P3M4VP/amino acid complexes are formed, it is stable at room temperature. P3M4VP is not compatible with HeLa ovarian cancer cells, but the helical P3M4VP/amino acid complexes are compatible with HeLa cells. The complexes minimally interfere with the adhesion and growth of HeLa cells on complex surfaces. Helical poly(3-methyl-4-vinylpyridine)/D- and L-alanine complexes support the attachment and growth of HeLa cells. The micrographs shows HeLa cells after three days: left panel: on P3M4VP/L-alanine complex; right panel: on P3M4VP/D-alanine complex. 相似文献
103.
本文研究了2,2'-偶氮二异丁酸二甲酯的合成及其在甲苯、二甲苯中的热分解反应动力学,得到了其热分解反应速度常数与反应温度的关系式:K_d=1.63×100 ̄(-14)exp(-123.3KJ/RT)2,2'-偶氮二异丁酸二甲酯作为苯乙烯自由基聚合的引发剂,其单体转化率随引发剂用量的增加而增高,产物分子量则随之下降;引发剂用量在5%以上时,可得到分子量低于10 ̄3的含有酯基端基的聚合物。 相似文献
104.
105.
Syuji?Fujii Hideto?Minami Masayoshi?OkuboEmail author 《Colloid and polymer science》2004,282(6):569-574
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles were produced by dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate in the presence of mercaptopropyl terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (MP-PDMS) in supercritical carbon dioxide at about 30 MPa for 24 h at 65 °C. The particle diameter could be controlled in a size range of submicron to micron by varying MP-PDMS concentration. The MP-PDMS worked as not only a chain transfer agent but also a colloidal stabilizer, which was named tran
stab.Part CCLI of the series Studies on suspension and emulsion 相似文献
106.
A.V. Rudnichenko 《Journal of fluorine chemistry》2004,125(9):1351-1356
2-Polyfluoroalkyl-5-methoxycarbonylmethylene-thiazolin-4-ones react as dienophiles on the exo-cyclic ylidene bond to give spiro-derivatives and as 1,3-dienes with olefins to give dihydropyranothiazole derivatives. The endo-cyclic CN bond in these compounds do not enter into the cycloaddition reactions. 相似文献
107.
J. P. Dassaud B. Gallot A. Guyot R. Spitz J. P. Beautemps C. Williams C. Bourgaux A. Eisenberg 《先进技术聚合物》1994,5(2):79-89
Polypropylene ionomers have been prepared by sulfonation of copolymers of propene and 7 methyl, 1-6 octadiene, followed by neutralization to cesium salts. Both WAXS and SAXS were used to study the morphology of the samples, while their thermal properties were studied by DSC and their mechanical properties by DMTA. The sulfonation process is shown to cause a further drop in crystallinity in addition to the effect of comonomer incorporation. Ion clustering is observed when the extent of sulfonation is high enough, the limit being dependent on the copolymer composition. The ion pairs which are not incorporated into the cluster cause a small-angle upturn in the WAXS pattern. The mechanical properties are strongly affected by the drop in crystallinity, but may be partly recovered due to ion clustering. No disruption of the ion clusters is observed before thermal decomposition of the polymer. 相似文献
108.
J. Canosa 《The Journal of chemical thermodynamics》2003,35(12):2021-2031
Density, refractive index and speed of sound at T=298.15 K and atmospheric pressure have been measured over the entire composition range for (dimethyl carbonate (DMC) + methanol + ethanol) and (DMC + methanol + 1-propanol). Excess molar volumes, changes of refractive index on mixing and deviations in isentropic compressibility for the above systems have been calculated. The calculated quantities are further fitted to the Cibulka equation to estimate the ternary fitting parameters. Standard deviations from the regression lines are shown. 相似文献
109.
研究了烷基硫酸钠纯度,烷基碳链分布对甲基丙烯酸甲酯种子乳液聚合反应的影响。结果表明,烷基硫酸钠中乙醇不溶物含量的增加,可提高MMA乳液聚合反应速度,在采用K2S2O8-NaHSO3-Cu^2+三元氧化-还原引发体系的MMA乳液聚合中,Fe^2+降低反应速率,而Fe^3+则提高聚合反应速率; 相似文献
110.
利用质量分析离子动能谱和碰撞诱导解离技采研究了邻、间、对二甲苯分子在电子轰击质谱中产生的双电荷离子[C8H10]2+、[C8H9]2+和单电荷离子[C8H10]+。根据测定的电荷分离反应的释放动能T和由此估算的双电荷离子电荷分离反应过渡态两电荷间距R,推测出过渡态的结构,利用单电荷离子[C8H10]+的MIKES/CID谱可区分邻二甲苯与间、对二甲苯异构体. 相似文献