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61.
The use of a nitrogen electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma source has allowed the growth of GaAsN at GaAs substrate temperatures as high as 600 °C, unlike the case for growth using radio frequency (RF) plasma sources, for which there is significant loss of nitrogen at substrate temperatures as low as 480-520 °C. Photoluminescence (PL) intensities are significantly improved at a substrate temperature of 600 °C and are further improved slightly by using an ion trap to extract charged species from the beam. As the trap voltage is increased there is a reduction in the total nitrogen concentration, as measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and a slight increase in the active nitrogen concentration, as measured by PL. These observations are consistent, for example, with charged and active nitrogen species together being involved in the formation of point defects, however more work is needed to clarify what may well prove to be a complex situation. 相似文献
62.
The fluorescence property of xTbF3-BaF2-AlF3-GeO2+ySmF3 (x=0.01-40 mol%, y=0-5 wt%) glasses were investigated. The enhancement of Sm3+ fluorescence was recognized in the presence of Tb3+. Increasing Tb3+ content, the emission color changed from green to orange. When the intensity of fluorescence at 540 nm originated from Tb3+ is compared with that at 600 nm originated from Sm3+, the information about the concentration quenching of Tb3+ and Sm3+ was obtained. From these results, rare earth ions were dispersed identically in the glasses. After heating to 673 K or cooling to 77 K, the emission color of 20TbF3-20BaF2-10AlF3-50GeO2/mol%+0.05 wt% SmF3 glass was reversibly changed from orange to green. In addition, while the emission from 10TbF3-20BaF2-10AlF3-60GeO2+0.01 wt% SmF3 glass was green, its crystallized sample, prepared by annealing at 1073 K, exhibited an orange emission due to Sm3+ at room temperature. 相似文献
63.
64.
Gongming WEI 《数学年刊B辑(英文版)》2008,29(3)
A 2-coupled nonlinear Schr(o)dinger equations with bounded varying potentials and strongly attractive interactions is considered.When the attractive interaction is strong enough,the existence of a ground state for sufficiently small Planck constant is proved.As the Planck constant approaches zero,it is proved that one of the components concentrates at a minimum point of the ground state energy function which is defined in Section 4. 相似文献
65.
通过微量CH3CN(36Pa)与He(660Pa)混合气体交流Penning辉光放电获得CN自由基分子,采用光外差-磁旋转-浓度调制光谱技术,在可见光波段16850~17480cm^-1进行了转动分辨光谱测量,分别标识了CN分子红带A^2Πi-X^2Σ^ (6,1)和(7,2)138条和118条的转动光谱(其余光谱为C2自由基及CN红带(8,3)带光谱)。理论拟合分子常数时考虑电子态间的微扰作用,采用有效哈密顿量矩阵对角化获得了A^2Πi(v=6,7)态更精确的分子常数及电子态A^2Πi(v=7)与X^2Σ^ (v=11)之间的微扰常数ξ,η,总体拟合方差均小于实验误差0.007cm^-1,表明拟合结果是非常精确的。 相似文献
66.
Freezing in winter cereals is a complex phenomenon that can affect various plant tissues differently. To better understand how freezing affects specific tissue in the over wintering organ (crown) of winter cereal crops, non-acclimated oats (Avena sativa L.) were gradually frozen to ?3 °C and tissue damage during recovery was compared to plants that had been supercooled to ?3 °C and then frozen suddenly. Percentage of total water frozen, was the same whether crowns were frozen suddenly or gradually although the rate of freezing was considerably different. For example, all available water froze within 3 h in suddenly frozen crowns but it took more than 15 h for all available water to freeze in gradually frozen crowns. When plants were suddenly frozen, cells in the apical meristem were disrupted and apparently killed. In these plants re-growth was limited or non-existent. In contrast, the apical region of plants that were slowly frozen appeared undamaged but extensive vessel plugging was observed in cells of the lower crown, possibly from accumulation of phenolics or from microbial proliferation. These histological observations along with the calorimetric analysis suggested that the apical region was killed by intracellular freezing when frozen suddenly while the crown core was damaged by a process, which either induced production of putative phenolic compounds by the plant and/or permitted what appeared to be microbial proliferation in metaxylem vessels. 相似文献
67.
Hypotheses from elasticity theory were used for modeling stress distribution in a semi-infinite-homogeneous medium when a point load was applied on its surface. A Concentration factor coefficient was introduced to adapt the equations to the characteristics of the investigated soil. An expression for continuous load distributions and variations in the geometry of the contact area between soil and tire were obtained by means of the superposition principle. Some simulations for different areas and load distributions are discussed and compared with field measurements. 相似文献
68.
A multispin coding program for site-diluted Ising models on large simple cubic lattices is described in detail. The spontaneous magnetization is computed as a function of temperature, and the critical temperature as a function of concentration is found to agree well with the data of Marro et al.(4) and Landau(3) for smaller systems.The first successful epsilon expansion seems to be by D. E. Khmelnitskii,ZhETF
68:1960 (1975), English translationSov. Phys. JETP
41:981 (1975); for numerical estimates see K. E. Newman and E. K. Riedel,Phys. Rev.
H25:264 (1982), for experiments see R. J. Birgenau, R. A. Cowley, G. Shirane and H. Yoshizawa,J. Stat. Phys.
34:817 (1984). 相似文献
69.
D. Dagnelund X.J. Wang I.P. Vorona I.A. Buyanova W.M. Chen A. Utsumi Y. Furukawa S. Moon A. Wakahara H. Yonezu 《Superlattices and Microstructures》2008,43(5-6):620
We employ the optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) technique to study and identify important grown-in defects in Ga(In)NP grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE). Several types of defects were revealed from ODMR studies. The dominant defects were found to be related to Ga interstitials, evident form their characteristic hyperfine interaction arising from the spin interaction between the electron and the Ga nucleus. Some other as yet unidentified intrinsic defects were also found to be commonly present in the alloys. The effects of growth conditions (ion bombardment, N2 gas flow, etc.) and post-growth rapid thermal annealing on the formation of these defects were studied in detail, shedding light on the formation mechanism of defects. 相似文献
70.
A novel approach is proposed for the determination of the diffusion coefficient of certain drugs in amorphous poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), which can be a reliable alternative to the conventional permeation based measurements. The method requires the preparation of PHB films with various concentrations of the drug and if the latter absorbs in the visible wavelength range, its concentration gradient in the polymer film as well as the time dependence of the latter can be analyzed quantitatively by following changes in color. Color can be converted into concentration with the help of adequate calibration and thus the dependence of additive concentration on space (x) and time (t), i.e. the c(x,t) function, can be determined relatively easily. The fitting of the numerical solution of Fick's second law onto the measured values provides directly the targeted diffusion coefficient. The comparison of diffusion coefficients obtained by the proposed approach to values published in the literature proved that the new method provides reliable results and requires reasonable time and effort at the same time. 相似文献