微分脉冲伏安法测定硫酸锌溶液中铊

研究了微分脉冲伏安法测定复杂硫酸锌溶液体系中的铊。讨论了伏安图的形成、测定底液和pH值的选择。结果表明:在醋酸介质(pH=4.5±0.2)中,加入适量EDTA、聚乙二醇6000和抗坏血酸的测定体系,采用微分脉冲伏安法可直接测定铊。方法检出限为1.0×10-8g/L,千倍浓度的8种阳离子共存或单独存在时均不干扰测定。方法用于湿法炼锌中上清、一段净化后液、二段净化后液、电积新液、电积废液中铊的测定,相对标准偏差RSD分别为1.6%,2.5%,3.3%,8.3%,4.9%,铊加标回收率为98.4%～102.2%。方法灵敏、简单、快速,用来测定湿法炼锌各阶段硫酸锌溶液中的铊,结果满意。     

超声波辅助液相合成六次甲基四胺络铜的研究

以五水硫酸铜和六次甲基四胺(HMTA)为原料,在超声波作用下采用液相合成法合成六次甲基四胺络铜。探讨原料配比、超声波辐射功率、辐射时间和反应温度对产物收率的影响。实验证明,合成六次甲基四胺络铜较适宜的条件为:五水硫酸铜/六次甲基四胺物质的量比1∶2.0,超声波辐射功率160 W,辐射时间60min,反应温度50℃,在此条件下产物收率可达65.2%,比传统的液相法(收率36%)高出近30%。     

硫酸钠对胰岛素淀粉样纤维化及其细胞毒性的作用

超过20种人类疾病与蛋白质或者多肽淀粉样纤维化密切相关,探究影响蛋白质的结构稳定性及其淀粉样纤维化的环境条件具有重要意义.本文采用牛胰岛素作为模型蛋白质,研究了Na2SO4对蛋白质淀粉样纤维化的作用.实验结果表明,不同浓度的Na2SO4对胰岛素淀粉样纤维化过程具有不同的影响,低浓度条件下可促进纤维化,较高浓度可明显抑制淀粉样纤维的形成,更高的浓度则使胰岛素形成非纤维状聚集体.ANS荧光分析结果表明,所有浓度的Na2SO4均可减小胰岛素聚集体的表面疏水性,并导致聚集体对细胞膜的损害作用降低.Na2SO4的上述作用可能与其改变蛋白质分子间的静电作用力及溶剂效应有关.     

一株硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化菌的分离和鉴定

以硫酸盐为电子受体、氨为电子供体的反应称为硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化,这是一个新的生物反应.迄今为止,虽已证明硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化的存在,但并未获得进行该反应的微生物.本课题组从长期稳定运行的厌氧脱氮除硫反应器污泥中,分离获得了一株硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化菌.形态观察、生理试验和16SrDNA序列比对表明,该菌株可归入Bacillus benzoevorans.以Biolog板检测发现,该菌株可利用多种碳源,基质多样性明显.其最适代谢pH为8.5,最适代谢温度为30℃.研究证明,该菌株可在无氧条件下,同时去除氨氮和硫酸盐,具有硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化活性.这一发现为硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化的确认提供了生物学证据,为新型生物脱氮除硫工艺的研发打下了基础,为微生物学增加了新的内容,为地球氮素和硫素循环提供了新的认识.     

糖苷基季铵盐与十二烷基硫酸钠复配性能的研究

研究了糖苷基季铵盐(CAPG)与十二烷基硫酸钠(K12)复配体系的稳定性、表面活性、泡沫性能和润湿性能.结果表明:CAPG与K12复配体系的稳定性好,并表现出很好的协同增效作用.当n(CAPG)∶ (K12)等于0.1∶ 1,0.3∶ 1,0.5∶ 1时,复配体系的临界胶束浓度(cmc)分别为0.081 mmol/L,0.065 mmol/L,0.054 mmol/L,大大低于单一组分的cmc,临界胶束浓度时的表面张力(γcmc)比单一组分略低,起泡力和泡沫稳定性均好于单一组分,润湿力比K12略低,但比CAPG好得多.     

Three useful bromimetric methods for the determination of salbutamol sulfate

Three different methods developed for the determination of salbutamol sulfate (SBS), in pure drug form and in dosage forms, are discussed. The methods are based on the oxidation–bromination reaction of the drug by bromine generated in-situ by the interaction of bromate with bromide in acid medium. In titrimetry the drug is titrated directly with bromate in the presence of a large excess of bromide and in sulfuric acid medium using methyl red as indicator. Spectrophotometry is based on addition of a measured excess of bromate–bromide mixture to the sample solution in sulfuric acid medium followed by the estimation of surplus bromine by reacting it with a definite amount of methyl orange dye and measuring the absorbance at 510 nm. The amount of bromate reacting corresponds to the sample content. The kinetic method depends on the linear relationship between the concentration of the drug and time for oxidation and bromination as indicated by the bleaching of the methyl orange acid colour by the bromine generated in situ. Titrimetry is applicable in the 2–20 mg range. In spectrophotometry, Beer's law is obeyed in the 0.5–5.0 g mL^–1 range whereas concentrations in the 5.0–25.0 g mL^–1 range can be determined by the kinetic method. The effect of common excipients and additives in tablets is discussed. The procedures have been successfully applied to dosage forms; the results agree well with those obtained by use of a reference method. The methods can be used to determine SBS at mg or g levels.     

Fe3O4@(SDS-HTlc)纳米复合物的制备及对甲基橙的吸附

采用离子交换法制备了具有核-壳结构的磁性十二烷基硫酸钠改性类水滑石Fe_3O_4@(SDSHTlc)纳米复合物,并利用透射电镜、粉末X-射线衍射、红外光谱、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱、元素分析等对其进行了表征。研究了Fe_3O_4@(SDS-HTlc)对甲基橙的吸附动力学和热力学。结果表明,Fe_3O_4@(SDSHTlc)对甲基橙有较好吸附效果,吸附动力学曲线符合准二级动力学方程;吸附等温线符合线性方程,吸附量随体系p H的增大和温度的升高均降低。在外部磁场下,30s内可从水溶液中分离出Fe_3O_4@(SDS-HTlc),这为去除水中疏水染料提供了简单的一步吸附处理方法。     

Discovery of conversion driven by β-glucuronidase from flavone glycoside to aglycone and application in identifying the raw Scutellariae Radix

Scutellariae Radix (SR), the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgia, is a famous Chinese materia medica that has been widely employed. Raw Scutellariae Radix (RSR), steamed Scutellariae Radix (SSR), and wine Scutellariae Radix (WSR) are adopted for use in clinical practice. Because of their easily confused appearance, they are always misused. Aiming at this problem, an ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector (UPLC-PDA) method was established to survey misuse of the RSR and the processed SR (SSR and WSR) in the market by employing baicalin (BC), wogonoside (WS), baicalein (BN), and wogonin (WN) as quality indicators. Fortunately, β-glucuronidase, which mediates conversion from flavone glycoside to aglycone, was identified in the RSR samples by the sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. The significant production of BN and WN was witnessed in the RSR samples, which did not occur in the SSR and WSR samples in virtue of the inactivated β-glucuronidase. Besides, the different capacities of β-glucuronidase were evaluated in the tested samples. In general, we provided the first evidence to scientifically identify RSR from SSR and WSR.     

Intercalation of dodecyl sulfate into layered double hydroxides

The intercalation of sodium dodecyl sulfate and exchange of dodecyl sulfate anion into layered double hydroxides has been examined by means of X-ray diffraction, infrared and thermogravimetric procedures. Three types of derivatives were obtained having mean interlayer spacings of 26 Å, 36 Å and 47 Å, respectively. These interlayer distances did not correlate with the amount of organic incorporated between the layers but, as shown by computer simulations, depended upon the orientation of the chains within the interlamellar space. In several reactions both intercalation of neutral sodium dodecyl sulfate as well as exchange of the dodecyl anion took place. Attempts to remove the alkyl sulfate chains with dilute acid resulted in dissolution of the more basic metals producing non-stoichiometric layered products.     

重氮树脂型聚电解质复合物与SDS相互作用研究

由于聚电解质与表面活性剂的相互作用具有很多特别的性质而倍受关注［１～１０］,但具有感光性的重氮树脂作为正离子聚电解质与表面活性剂相互作用尚未见报道．本文研究了重氮树脂（ＤＲ）与聚苯乙烯磺酸钠（ＰＳＳ）形成的聚电解复合物（ＤＲ－ＰＳＳ）与十二烷基硫酸钠...