离子选择电极法测定食品添加剂硫酸钙中的氟离子

建立了氟离子选择性电极对食品添加剂硫酸钙中氟离子含量的测定方法,通过标准曲线法进行定量,线性相关系数为0.999 1,线性范围为0.2~3.0μg/mL,方法的相对标准偏差为3.2%,加标回收率为97.8%~102.0%,实验结果表明所建立的方法简单、快速、准确,适用于食品级硫酸钙中氟离子含量的测定。     

Toxicity of butyltin,phenyltin and inorganic tin compounds to sulfate‐reducing bacteria isolated from anoxic marine sediments

The toxicity of butyltin, phenyltin and inorganic tin compounds to three pure strains of sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB), isolated from a tributyltin (TBT)‐polluted sediment, was determined. The isolated strains were identified as belonging to the genus Desulfovibrio. A new toxicological index (GR₂₅) was developed to assay the toxicity of organotin compounds. Deleterious effects on suspended anaerobic cell cultures were observed for concentrations ranging between 500 and 600 µM for tin tetrachloride, 55 and 260 µM for triorganotins, 30 and 90 µM for diorganotins, and 1 and 6 µM for mono‐organotins. Whereas the number of substituents influenced the toxicity of organotins, the type of substituent (butyl or phenyl) proved to have little or no impact. Trisubstituted compounds (tributyl‐ and triphenyl‐tin) were less toxic to these strains of SRB than the monosubstituted forms (monobutyl‐ and monophenyl‐tin). This is the opposite trend to that currently reported for aerobic organisms. Under the given anoxic conditions, the toxicity of organotin compounds obtained yielded a significant negative correlation with the total surface area (TSA) of the tested molecules. Comparison of the TBT toxicity data observed for different microbial groups suggests that the tolerance of bacteria to organotin compounds might be related to organotin–cell wall interactions as well as to aerobic or anaerobic metabolise pathways. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

离子色谱用于标准物质硫酸根定值的方法研究

对离子色谱用于测定标准物质硫酸根定值的方法进行了研究。采用阴离子分析柱IonPac AS19(2 mm×250 mm),抑制型电导检测,进样体积25 μL,NaOH为等度淋洗液,通过正交设计表安排试验,确定了优化的色谱条件。SO2-4的检出限是0.005 mg/L,方法的精密度（RSD）为0.44%,方法的线性范围是1.0～50.0 mg/L, 样品的平均加标回收率为95.5%～105%。利用校正曲线的稳定性检查,质控样的可靠性检查和回收率试验证明该分析方法是可靠的。该方法操作简单、速度快、灵敏度高、重复性好,已用于标准物质硫酸根的定值。     

Raman spectroscopy of uranopilite of different origins—implications for molecular structure

Uranopilite, [(UO₂)₆(SO₄)O₂(OH)₆(H₂O)₆](H₂O)₈, the composition of which may vary, can be understood as a complex hydrated uranyl oxyhydroxy sulfate. The structure of uranopilite from different locations has been studied by Raman spectroscopy at 298 and 77 K. A single intense band at 1009 cm⁻¹ assigned to the ν₁ (SO₄)²⁻ symmetric stretching mode shifts to higher wavenumbers at 77 K. Three low‐intensity bands are observed at 1143, 1117 and 1097 cm⁻¹. These bands are attributed to the (SO₄)²⁻ ν₃ anti‐symmetric stretching modes. Multiple bands provide evidence that the symmetry of the sulfate anion in the uranopilite structure is lowered. Three bands are observed in the region 843 to 816 cm⁻¹ in both the 298 and 77 K spectra and are attributed to the ν₁ symmetric stretching modes of the (UO₂)²⁺ units. Multiple bands prove the symmetry reduction of the UO₂ ion. Multiple OH stretching modes prove a complex arrangement of OH groupings and hydrogen bonding in the crystal structure. A series of infrared bands not observed in the Raman spectra are found at 1559, 1540, 1526 and 1511 cm⁻¹ attributed to δ UOH bending modes. U‐O bond lengths in uranyl and O H/dotbondO bond lengths are calculated and compared with those from X‐ray single crystal structure analysis. The Raman spectra of uranopilites of different origins show subtle differences, proving that the spectra are origin‐ and sample‐dependent. Hydrogen‐bonding network and its arrangement in the crystal structure play an important role in the origin and stability of uranopilite. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

有机高分子与聚合硫酸铁的复配特性

研究了水溶性有机高分子(OP)与聚合硫酸铁(PFS)的复配特点,从分子结构和溶剂化角度探讨了OP在PFS中的稳定机制,并采用FT-IR、SEM和X射线衍射探讨了OP与PFS的相互作用.结果表明:具有吡咯环结构的聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、聚二乙基二烯丙基氯化铵和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮能与PFS复配,且具有较好的稳定性;OP与PFS形成了互相融合的复合体系,主要与PFS中Fe4.67(SO4)6(OH)2.20H2O物相发生相互作用.     

硫酸铜含量对硫酸铜与丁腈橡胶之间配位交联反应的影响

利用丁腈橡胶(NBR)的可配位侧基——腈基(—CN)与金属盐硫酸铜(CuSO4)的铜离子(Cu2+)之间的配位反应制备了一种配位交联CuSO4/NBR.影响该配位交联反应的因素众多,如热压温度、热压时间、增塑剂等等,考察了CuSO4含量对其的影响.通过X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、动态力学分析(DMA)、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)等手段对CuSO4与NBR之间的配位交联反应进行了分析,并对所得配位交联的CuSO4/NBR进行了交联密度及力学性能的测试.结果发现,随CuSO4含量的不断增加,CuSO4与NBR的配位交联程度逐渐增强,且所得配位交联CuSO4/NBR显示出从典型橡胶到韧性塑料再到脆性塑料的力学转变特性.另外,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及X射线能谱仪(EDX)对材料的微观结构进行了分析,发现CuSO4在聚合物基体中不仅充当交联剂的角色,而且还起着增强填料的作用.     

Studies on the Hydrogen Bonding Network Structures of Amino-konjacglucomannan-zinc Chelate

Amino-Konjacglucomannan(NH2-KGM) was prepared through the reaction of ammonium hydroxide with KGM by ultrasonic. The influence of amount of ammonium hydroxide, concentration of KGM and ultrasonic time on the extent of amination was studied. Then, NH2-KGM and zinc sulfate were used as materials for the preparation of NH2-KGM-Zn complex. The results indicated that the extent of amination increases with increasing the ammonium hydroxide. The optimum concentration of KGM and ultrasonic time are 0.3% and 75 min respectively. IR showed KGM is successfully aminated and NH2-KGM forms stable complex with zinc(Ⅱ). The hydrogen bonding network structures of NH2-KGM-Zn are more stable and the key linking points of hydrogen bonding network are at the OH(6) and O(3) positions of mannose and OH(2) of glucose and O(3) of mannose on the KGM ring. It is more favorable for NH2-KGM-Zn to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds between KGM.     

微分脉冲伏安法测定硫酸锌溶液中铊

研究了微分脉冲伏安法测定复杂硫酸锌溶液体系中的铊。讨论了伏安图的形成、测定底液和pH值的选择。结果表明:在醋酸介质(pH=4.5±0.2)中,加入适量EDTA、聚乙二醇6000和抗坏血酸的测定体系,采用微分脉冲伏安法可直接测定铊。方法检出限为1.0×10-8g/L,千倍浓度的8种阳离子共存或单独存在时均不干扰测定。方法用于湿法炼锌中上清、一段净化后液、二段净化后液、电积新液、电积废液中铊的测定,相对标准偏差RSD分别为1.6%,2.5%,3.3%,8.3%,4.9%,铊加标回收率为98.4%～102.2%。方法灵敏、简单、快速,用来测定湿法炼锌各阶段硫酸锌溶液中的铊,结果满意。     

超声波辅助液相合成六次甲基四胺络铜的研究

以五水硫酸铜和六次甲基四胺(HMTA)为原料,在超声波作用下采用液相合成法合成六次甲基四胺络铜。探讨原料配比、超声波辐射功率、辐射时间和反应温度对产物收率的影响。实验证明,合成六次甲基四胺络铜较适宜的条件为:五水硫酸铜/六次甲基四胺物质的量比1∶2.0,超声波辐射功率160 W,辐射时间60min,反应温度50℃,在此条件下产物收率可达65.2%,比传统的液相法(收率36%)高出近30%。     

硫酸钠对胰岛素淀粉样纤维化及其细胞毒性的作用

超过20种人类疾病与蛋白质或者多肽淀粉样纤维化密切相关,探究影响蛋白质的结构稳定性及其淀粉样纤维化的环境条件具有重要意义.本文采用牛胰岛素作为模型蛋白质,研究了Na2SO4对蛋白质淀粉样纤维化的作用.实验结果表明,不同浓度的Na2SO4对胰岛素淀粉样纤维化过程具有不同的影响,低浓度条件下可促进纤维化,较高浓度可明显抑制淀粉样纤维的形成,更高的浓度则使胰岛素形成非纤维状聚集体.ANS荧光分析结果表明,所有浓度的Na2SO4均可减小胰岛素聚集体的表面疏水性,并导致聚集体对细胞膜的损害作用降低.Na2SO4的上述作用可能与其改变蛋白质分子间的静电作用力及溶剂效应有关.