可见／近红外漫反射光谱无损检测南丰蜜桔维生素C的研究

应用可见/近红外漫反射光谱对南丰蜜桔维生素C含量进行了无损检测研究.在谱区350～1 800nm,应用主成分分析和偏最小二乘法对经过预处理光谱进行数学建模,主成分数和光谱区间选择分别由完全交互验证和回归系数法确定.定标模型对10个未知样品的预测结果是:预测相关系数为0.813,预测均方差为2.112 mg(100 g)-1,预测偏差为-0.810 mg(100 g)-1.文章表明利用可见/近红外漫反射光谱技术无损检测南丰蜜桔维生素C具有可行性.     

芦丁和维生素C的近红外漫反射光谱技术定量分析研究

首次利用近红外漫反射技术和偏最小二乘法定量分析了复方芦丁片的主组分芦丁和维生素Ｃ混合样品的含量,所建立的预测方程对样品的预测值和真实值之间的相关系数为９９．７５％,芦丁和维生素Ｃ定标标准差分别为０．３６３％和１．０７８％。该方法快速、准确、不破坏样品。     

基于ZY-3 CCD相机数据的暗像元大气校正方法分析与评价

ZY-3是我国首颗民用高空间分辨率光学传输型立体测图卫星, 可为国土资源调查、生态环境监测等发挥重要作用, 而大气校正是制约其广泛定量应用的关键问题之一。由于实测地面光谱数据和大气参数难以实时获取, 针对这种情况下如何反演得到高空间分辨率卫星精确的地表反射率这一问题, 基于2012年内蒙古野外实验实测数据, 对四种暗像元大气校正方法进行了分析与评价研究。分析了四种暗像元大气校正算法中的关键参数对ZY-3 CCD数据应用效果的影响, 结果表明: (1)四种暗像元大气校正方法在第1,2和3波段均有明显的校正效果, 其中DOS4方法在第4波段大气校正效果最好, DOS1和DOS3方法在第4波段大气校正效果不明显, DOS2方法在第4波段大气校正效果最差。(2)DOS1方法大气校正结果在4个波段的相对误差均大于10%。DOS2方法在第1波段校正效果最好(AE=0.001 9和RE=4.32%), 而在第4波段校正误差最大(AE=0.0464和RE=19.12%)。DOS3方法大气校正结果在4个波段的相对误差均约10%左右。(3)DOS4方法大气校正结果在4个波段的绝对误差均小于0.02和相对误差均小于10%, 大气校正精度最高。     

基于最小二乘支持向量机回归的背景偏振光谱二向反射分布建模分析

详细分析了土壤背景偏振光谱二向反射分布函数与探测角及探测方位角之间关系.提出了基于最小二乘支持向量机回归的偏振光谱二向反射分布函数建模,将有限实验观测条件下测量得到的少数偏振光谱二向反射分布函数扩展到2π空间范围内任意入射及观测条件.通过模型结果和实验结果分析比较,表明该模型能很好地满足准确度要求.     

臭氧修饰(001)晶面TiO2纳米片及其光催化降解甲苯研究

本文系统研究了臭氧修饰对(001)主导晶面锐钛矿型TiO₂光催化剂降解甲苯性能的影响. 利用自行搭建的光催化VOCs降解装置对催化剂光降解甲苯的性能进行了测试. 通过多种表征手段,结合原位DRIFTS和DFT计算研究了臭氧表面修饰及甲苯吸附和降解机理. 结果表明,用臭氧进行表面修饰可以显著提高(001)主导晶面TiO₂光催化降解甲苯的性能. (001)晶面上丰富的5c-Ti不饱和配位是臭氧分子的吸附位点,其解离后形成的Ti-O键与H₂O分子结合,在表面生成大量孤立的Ti_5c-OH. Ti_5c-OH 是甲苯分子的吸附位,它的形成显著提高了对甲苯分子的吸附能力. 在光照下Ti_5c-OH与光生空穴结合能形成·OH自由基. 通过臭氧解离产生的O₂也可以与光生电子结合形成超氧自由基. 这些具有强氧化性活性自由基的形成促进了对气相甲苯的光催化降解速率.     

Hydrogenation of Pd-capped Mg thin films prepared by DC magnetron sputtering

Structural and optical properties of pure Mg thin film coated with Pd have been investigated. Pd-capped Mg thin films had been prepared by DC magnetron sputtering. This work presents an ex situ study on hydrogenation and dehydrogenation kinetics of Pd/Mg films at different conditions using XRD, AFM and optical spectrophotometer. We have succeeded to load thin films of Mg to MgH₂ at normal temperature and normal pressure of hydrogen gas. In hydrogenation, α-MgH₂ phase of magnesium hydride was observed in hydrogenated films at 200 °C and γ-MgH₂ at 250 °C respectively. The desorption kinetics in vacuum also revealed the phase transformation α-MgH₂ to γ-MgH₂. A reflectance change was observed in hydrogenated films in comparison of as deposited thin film. Hydrogenated (H loaded) samples were observed partially transparent in comparison of as deposited.     

Time-dependent analysis of tunneling effect in the formation of ultracold molecules via photoassociation of laser-cooled atoms

The paper contains a time-dependent investigation of the tunneling effect observed in the photoassociation spectrum of Cs₂ and attributed to the 0_g ^-(6s, 6p _3/2) double well. When by photoassociation of two cold cesium atoms a vibrational level of the outer well is populated, tunneling is an efficient mechanism for transferring the population to the inner well (R < 15a ₀), where spontaneous emission may lead to formation of cold molecules in low vibrational levels of the a ³Σ⁺ _u(6s, 6s) electronic state. This tunneling effect is analyzed by wavepackets propagation, first considering the double well potential alone, and following a packet made by a superposition of states initially located at large distances. Characteristic times for the vibration dynamics, corresponding to a beating phenomenon between the two wells, to partial “revival” at large distances, and to maxima in the population localized in the inner well are reported and discussed. Second, we simulate the two-channels a ³Σ⁺ _u(6s, 6s)↦0_g ^-(6s, 6p _3/2) photoassociation at detunings around 2.9 cm^-1: the inner well can be populated either by the excitation of a vibrational level of the external well (resonant excitation), or by tuning the photoassociation laser at the energy of the inner well level which displays tunneling (“off-resonance excitation”). In the first case the photoassociation is efficient, while the tunneling probability is small; in the second, the tunneling probability is large, so that despite the poor efficiency of the photoassociation process, more population can be transferred to the inner well. This second choice is shown to be very sensitive to the laser intensity, which could be used to control the population of the inner well and hence the formation of ultracold molecules in low vibrational levels. Received 19 April 2002 Published online 1st October 2002 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: francoise.masnou@lac.u-psud.fr     

归一化偏差本体反射特征的研究

使图像获得不受光照和几何条件影响的颜色特性描述是实现颜色恒常性的关系，利用双色反射模型和有限维线性模型，提取归一化偏差体反射特征。被实验证明是实现颜色恒常性的一个重要途径，本文详细阐述了归一化偏差本体反射特征的特性，其计算方法，应用的前提条件，以及应用限制，并在实际图像处理中，考虑到了这些影响的因素。     

A methodology for structural health monitoring with diffuse ultrasonic waves in the presence of temperature variations

Diffuse ultrasonic waves for structural health monitoring offer the advantages of simplicity of signal generation and reception, sensitivity to damage, and large area coverage; however, there are the serious disadvantages of no accepted methodology for analyzing the complex recorded signals and sensitivity to environmental changes such as temperature and surface conditions. Presented here is a methodology for applying diffuse ultrasonic waves to the problem of detecting structural damage in the presence of unmeasured temperature changes. This methodology is based upon the prediction and observation that the first order effect of a temperature change on a diffuse ultrasonic wave is a time dilation or compression. A multi-step procedure is implemented to (1) record a set of baseline waveforms from the undamaged specimen at temperatures spanning the expected operating range, (2) select a waveform from the baseline set whose temperature is the closest to that of a subsequently measured signal, (3) adjust this baseline waveform to best match the signal, and (4) calculate an error parameter between the signal and the adjusted waveform and compare this parameter to a threshold to determine the structural status. This procedure is applied to experimental data from aluminum plate specimens with artificial flaws. Probability of detection and the minimum flaw size detected are presented as a function of the size of the baseline waveform set. It is shown that a probability of detection of over 95% can be achieved with a small number of baseline waveforms.     

再论各向异性单轴晶体的布儒斯特角

从各向同性介质和各向异性单轴晶体界面间的菲涅耳公式出发,进一步研究了当自然光从各向同性介质射向各向异性且光轴任意取向的单轴晶体界面上时,其反射光成为垂直入射面的线偏振光时所对应的入射角,即布儒斯特角是否存在的问题,并对该问题进行了较全面的论述,计算了相应条件下的布儒斯特角和有关参量的数值,得到了正确的结论,同时也指出了某些文献在论述该问题时的不妥之处.