Radical telomerization of 3,3,3-trifluoropropene with diethyl hydrogen phosphonate: Characterization of the first telomeric adducts and assessment of the transfer constants

The radical telomerization of 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (TFP) with diethyl phosphate (or diethyl hydrogen phosphonate, DEHP) was investigated to synthesize fluorinated telomers bearing a phosphonate end-group, as H(TFP)_nP(O)(OEt)₂. Di-tert-butyl peroxide was the most efficient radical initiator. A careful structural study of typical TFP/DEHP telomers was performed by ¹H, ¹⁹F, and ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. These analytical methods allowed us to prove the selective addition of the phosphonyl radical onto the hydrogenated side of TFP, while the telomers containing more than two TFP units were composed of TFP isomers containing normal and reversed adducts. The kinetics of telomerization led to the assessment of the first four order transfer constants giving an infinite transfer constant of 0.75 at 140 °C for DEHP.     

Liquid-liquid equilibria of (water + butyric acid + diethyl succinate or diethyl glutarate or diethyl adipate) ternary systems

Liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data of the solubility (binodal) curves and tie-line end compositions were examined for mixtures of {(water (1) + butyric acid (2) + diethyl succinate or diethyl glutarate or diethyl adipate (3)} at 298.2 K and 101.3 ± 0.7 kPa. The relative mutual solubility of butyric acid is higher in the diethyl succinate or diethyl glutarate or diethyl adipate layers than water layers. The consistency of the experimental tie-lines was determined through the Othmer-Tobias correlation equation. The LLE data were correlated with NRTL model, indicating the reliability of the NRTL equations for these ternary systems. The best results were achieved with the NRTL equation, using non-randomness parameter (α = 0.3) for the correlation. Distribution coefficients and separation factors were measured to evaluate the extracting capability of the solvents.     

查尔酮及其与丙二酸二乙酯Michael加成产物的合成与光谱学性质

以取代苯甲醛和苯乙酮,用水作溶剂,以碳酸钠为催化剂,制备了一系列查尔酮化合物.将所得查尔酮与丙二酸二乙酯及碳酸钾置于玛瑙研钵中常温无溶剂研磨,得到相应的Michael加成产物.采用紫外光谱和红外光谱法对合成出的查尔酮化合物以及相应的查尔酮与丙二酸二乙酯的Michael加成产物进行了分析,研究不同取代基对紫外吸收波长和红...     

Highly active Pd-Fe/α-Al_2O_3 catalyst with the bayberry tannin as chelating promoter for CO oxidative coupling to diethyl oxalate

A novel Pd-Fe/α-Al_2O_3 catalyst was synthesized by incipient-wetness impregnation method with bayberry tannin as chelating promoter and commercial hollow column Raschig ring a-Al_2O_3 as support for the synthesis of diethyl oxalate from CO and ethyl nitrite.A variety of characterization techniques including N_2 physical adsorption,optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive system(SEM-EDS),inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy(ICP-OES),X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),were employed to explore the relationship between the physicochemical properties and activity of catalysts.It indicated that a large number of phenolic hydroxyl groups in bayberry tannin can efficiently anchor the active component Pd,reduce the particle size and make the active Pd as a multi-ring distribution on the commercial a-Al_2O_3 suppo rt,which we re beneficial to improve the catalytic activity for the production of diethyl oxalate from CO and ethyl nitrite.0.3 wts Pd-Fe/α-Al_2O_3 showed excelle nt catalytic activity and selectivity in a continuous flow,fixed-bed reactor with the loading amount of 10 mL catalysts,Under the mild reaction conditions,the space-time yield of diethyl oxalate was 978 g L ~1 h ~1 and CO conversion was 44% with the selectivity to diethyl oxalate of 95.5%.     

On permittivity and density of the systems (tetraglyme + dimethyl or diethyl carbonate) and the formulation of Δε in terms of volume or mole fraction

Relative permittivity and density on mixing from T = 288.15 K to 328.15 K and atmospheric pressure have been measured over the whole composition range for CH₃O(CH₂CH₂O)_mCH₃ polyoxyethyleneglycol dimethyl ether with m = 4 (also called 2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxapentadecane or tetraglyme) + (dimethyl or diethyl carbonate). For these systems the deviation of permittivity, Δε, changes sign depending on whether it is defined on the basis of mole fractions of volume fractions. Arguments are put forward that support the choice of the definition in terms of mole fraction. The Redlich-Kister equation has been used to estimate the binary fitting parameters and standard deviations from the regression lines were calculated. The density and excess molar volumes were fitted as a function of temperature and mole fraction to a polynomial equation. The temperature dependence of derived magnitudes, such as the isobaric thermal expansion coefficient, α, , and were computed, due to its importance in the study of specific molecular interactions. Different traditional mixing rules have been applied to predict the permittivity of these mixtures.     

2,3-二氰基-2,3-二(p-取代苯基)丁二酸二乙酯的合成及其在苯乙烯中的分解

合成了2,3-二氰基-2,3-二(p-X苯基)丁二酸二乙酯(X=OCH₃,CH₃,Cl,NO₂),分离出它们的meso和dl异构体。经元素分析、¹HNMR、IR、MS和X射线晶体结构分析确定了各异构体的结构和构型。在100℃测定了各异构体在苯乙烯中的分解速率常数k_d,结果表明,除X=OCH₃外,meso异构体的k_d均比dl异构体的大,除X=NO₂外,苯环对位取代基对k_d的影响顺序为OCH₃>CH₃>Cl>H,     

超高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中马来酸二乙酯

采用超高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中马来酸二乙酯含量。样品经乙腈超声提取,Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱(100mm×2.1mm,1.8μm)分离,乙腈和水为流动相梯度淋洗,在220 nm波长处用二极管阵列检测器检测。马来酸二乙酯的质量浓度在0.50～20 mg·L~(-1)范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的测定下限(10S/N)为0.5 mg·kg~(-1)。应用此法测定化妆品中两种浓度水平马来酸二乙酯的回收量,方法的平均回收率分别为90.4%和105%,相对标准偏差(n=7)分别为1.5%和3.2%。     

A Novel Synthesis of Diethyl Malonate

Diethyl malonate (DEM) is an important starting material in pharmaceutical and agricultural chemical industries. Traditional synthetic method by reaction mono chloroacetic acid with sodium cyanide1 is unfriendly to environment and involves complicated procedures. Therefore, green synthesis routes of diethyl malonate were investigated actively in past decade. There have been proposed various processes for preparing DEM by carbonylation of ethyl chloroacetate catalyzed by Co2(CO)82, 3. Howev…     

7-羟基黄酮及磷酰化7-羟基黄酮与DNA的弱相互作用荧光法研究

以溴化乙锭(EB)为荧光探针,研究了7-羟基黄酮及磷酰化7-羟基黄酮与DNA的弱相互作用。实验结果表明,两种化合物与DNA间均存在弱相互作用,但与7-羟基黄酮相比,磷酰化7-羟基黄酮对DNA更具亲和力。随着温度的升高,7-羟基黄酮及磷酰化7-羟基黄酮对DNA-EB体系的荧光猝灭常数降低,两种化合物均可与DNA形成复合物,此猝灭过程为静态猝灭。根据Stern-Volmer方程和Scatchard方程,常温下7-羟基黄酮及磷酰化7-羟基黄酮对DNA-EB体系的荧光猝灭常数和它们与DNA的固有的结合常数分别为：K_q1=601 L·mol-1,K_q2=1 381 L·mol-1;K₁=2.07×104 L ·mol-1,K₂=3.19×104 L·mol-1。