用拉盖尔-高斯激光对真空中电子直接加速

对用拉盖尔-高斯(LG)光束加速电子作了研究.结果表明，仅模指数为p和l=1的LG光束的纵向电场可用于加速电子.模指数为p和l=1的线偏振和圆偏振LG光束都对电子有加速效果.对轴上光场的相速度和群速度以及电子能量增益等物理特征作了讨论.给出了轴上光场的相速度和群速度、加速电位及电子能量增益等的解析表达式，并作了数值计算和分析. 关键词： 激光电子加速 拉盖尔-高斯光束 线偏振和圆偏振 能量增益     

基于优化探测窗口的光斑质心探测方法

哈特曼-夏克波前传感器进行波前探测时，用子孔径光斑强度的一阶矩来计算光斑质心位置，子孔径窗口作为探测窗口，但探测时子孔径窗口内噪声对一阶矩有很大的影响，会使质心探测精度产生很大的误差。因此在计算质心位置时探测窗口的选取对探测精度有重要影响，必须选取合适的探测窗口来提高光斑质心探测精度。为此，在传统算法的基础上提出优化探测窗口的方法来提高质心探测精度,仿真和实验结果表明新方法提高了质心探测的精度，未经处理的高噪声恢复波前的波前残差峰谷值是2.851 4λ，均方根值是0.606 3λ，优化探测窗口后波前残差的峰谷值是1.636 2 λ，均方根值是0.367 1 λ，重构误差减小了40％。证明了算法的可行性和稳定性。     

利用一种偏振方法减小由强反射或弱反射强度引起的植被反演误差

无论是多角度遥感的发展、还是偏振、高光谱遥感的发展,它们有一个相同的目的,即利用电磁波的种种特性、以及空间特性来对地球表面的一切地物进行精确的识别。任何单一的方法和手段不可能完整地描述和反映地物的所有特征。偏振测量是目标测量识别技术中不可缺少的技术之一,并且成为近年来全世界目标识别领域中的研究热点。由于定量遥感的反射强度对植被遥感的影响不可忽视,反射辐射信号呈现饱和或过弱都不能被检测到。而偏振是植被定量遥感的重要手段,因而有必要开发一种克服由反射强度强弱引起的植被反演误差的方法,这也是我们目前的研究目标。如果反射的辐射信号太强或太弱,都会影响遥感的准确性,而来自植被的偏振光可以提供有用的信息,特别是当反射的辐射信号饱和时,使得传感器不能获得足够有用的非偏振信息。本研究采用基于地面的偏振成像光谱仪系统,开发了一种偏振方法来克服反射强度过强过弱引起的植被反演误差。利用FISS-P偏振成像光谱仪系统研究了反射强度对遥感植被NDVI和DoLP效用的影响,实验地点在北京市中国科学院奥林匹克科技园。在对目标采样时对反射率强,反射率弱以及反射率适中的植被分别测量,同时对目标植被的不同波段(470, 555, 670, 864 nm)的DoLP进行计算与分析。地基成像光谱仪系统(FISS-P)提供了具有偏振信息的高空间分辨率图像,我们可以确定在阴影和强反射区域中单个像素的光谱偏振特性。在成像光谱信息的基础上,利用光的偏振性来对地物的物理特性进行分析。本文使用斯托克斯分量来表征反射光的各个偏振分量,使用线偏振度(DoLP)表征反射光偏振程度。信号饱和度和阴影效应导致归一化植被指数(NDVI)植被密集程度非常低,造成严重的反演误差,然而强反射对线偏振度(DoLP)的影响不大。研究结果表明,反射辐射信号饱和时,偏振效应可以通过适当的频带提高植被的反演精度,平均NDVI的相对误差为33.8％,而DoLP(670 nm)的相对误差仅为6.3％,而其他波段的DoLP(555 nm,864 nm)的相对误差要大很多。这项研究结果表明,在植被识别时可以忽略强反射,然而,阴影(弱反射)效应是不容忽视的。FISS-P偏振成像光谱仪是用于计算具有不同反射强度的样品类型的偏振和非偏振参数的有效工具,同时发现在识别植被时,强烈的反射可以忽略不计,但是植被的阴影(弱反射)效应不容忽视。与非偏振方法相比,偏振效应可以提高反射辐射信号饱和时的植被反演精度。这项研究分析了使用偏振法强弱反射强度引起的误差减少。为了进一步揭示植被的阴影(弱反射)效应与DoLP之间的关系,还有一些问题需要解决。     

磁化分层等离子体中电磁波传播特性研究

采用混合矩阵法,分析了磁化分层等离子鞘套对斜入射电磁波传播特性的影响,分别计算了不同入射角以及外加磁场下电磁波透射系数和极化特性的变化。以GPS导航信号右旋圆极化波(RCP)为例,研究了磁场、电子密度对电磁波右旋圆极化特性的影响。结果表明,外加磁场能够使右旋圆极化波在等离子体中的阻带向高频方向移动,此外,外加磁场能在一定程度上改善斜入射是圆极化波的极化特性,有利于GPS信号接收。     

新型高效偏振光分束器的设计

研究及分析了光波在分束结构中的传播行为和特性,发现当增大波导邻近两侧空气孔半径时,能形成完全光子禁带范围内某一频率光波单一偏振态的传播,基于此原理提出了一种全新结构的偏振光分束器,计算与模拟结构表明,该结构可以实现TE模与TM模高效大角度分离. 器件尺寸不超过17.6 μm×9.8 μm,在集成光回路中无疑有着很大的应用潜力. 关键词： 光子晶体 偏振光分束器 时域有限差分法 平面波展开法     

Inhomogeneity-free heteronuclear iMQC

Intermolecular dipolar interactions between proton and carbon spins can be used to indirectly detect carbon spectra with high sensitivity. In this communication, we present a modified sequence that, in addition to the high sensitivity of heteronuclear intermolecular multiple quantum coherence (iMQC) experiments, retains the line narrowing capability characteristic of homonuclear zero-quantum coherences. We demonstrate that this sequence can be used to obtain high resolution (13)C spectra in the presence of magnetic field inhomogeneities, both for thermal and hyperpolarized samples, and discuss applications to water-hyperpolarized carbon imaging.     

Synthesis,structural, dielectric and magnetic properties of spinel structure of Ca2+ substitute in Cobalt ferrites (Co1−xCaxFe2O4)

Non magnetic material Ca²⁺ as a substitute in Cobalt ferrite (Co_1?xCa_xFe₂O₄x?=?0.00, 0.05, 0.10 & 0.15) is prepared by self auto combustion method. The synthesized samples were carried out for various characterizations such as X-ray diffraction, Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Dielectric measurement and Magnetic property. X-ray diffraction reveals the values of crystalline size, lattice parameter and x-ray density by using the standard formula. The saturation magnetization (M_s) decreases from 63.92 to 43.17 emu/g for x?=?0.00 to 0.15 and the coercivity (H_c) increases gradually from 819.85 to 1312.32?Oe with the increase in Ca²⁺ concentration. The dielectric properties of synthesized nano materials were carried out at room temperature. The dielectric parameters such as tangent loss, Cole–Cole plot (Impedance, Modulus), and AC Conductivity were determined for various Ca²⁺ concentration. The frequency dependent dielectric dispersion behaviour of all the samples can be explained by the Maxwell–Wagner two-layer model along with Koop's phenomenological theory. As a result, Ca²⁺ substituted Cobalt ferrite is enhanced with their dielectric and magnetic property which is suitable for a memory device, recording media application and high frequency device.     

Growth and characterization of L-phenylalanine nitric acid (LPN) and tris L-(phenylalanine)-phenylalanininum nitrate (TPLPN) as second and third order nonlinear optical materials

We synthesized noncentrosymmetric single crystals of L-phenylalanine nitrate (LPN) and tris L-(phenylalanine) L-phenylalaninium nitrate (TPLPN) by slow solvent evaporation technique. Both crystallized in monoclinic system with different acentric space groups namely P2₁ (LPN) and C2 (TPLPN) respectively. The IR and Raman spectral investigation was done for LPN and TPLPN and discussed. The UV-vis-studies accomplished the excitation wavelength of the grown crystals suitable to exhibit second harmonic generation signal. From the absorption data, remarkable optical properties such as direct band gap energy, Urbach energy, extinction coefficient were evaluated. The mechanical strength of the grown crystal was examined by Vickers micro hardness test. The temperature of decomposition was confirmed by TG/DSC analysis. Fluorescence emission spectrum of LPN and TPLPN were recorded and lifetime was also studied. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of LPN and TPLPN has been determined as a function of frequency and temperature. Also the surface topologies of the crystallized salts were assessed by SEM studies. The third-order nonlinearities of LPN and TPLPN were determined by Z-scan technique with Nd: YAG at 532?nm and thereby from closed and open Z-scan data, third-order susceptibilities were calculated to be χ⁽³⁾?=?8.826?×?10^?6 esu for LPN and χ⁽³⁾?=?2.552?×?10^?7 esu for TPLPN.     

Spin-polarized transport properties of a pyridinium-based molecular spintronics device

By applying a first-principles approach based on non-equilibrium Green's functions combined with density functional theory, the transport properties of a pyridinium-based “radical-π-radical” molecular spintronics device are investigated. The obvious negative differential resistance (NDR) and spin current polarization (SCP) effect, and abnormal magnetoresistance (MR) are obtained. Orbital reconstruction is responsible for novel transport properties such as that the MR increases with bias and then decreases and that the NDR being present for both parallel and antiparallel magnetization configurations, which may have future applications in the field of molecular spintronics.     

Bright‐Dark Rogue Waves

During the last two decades, revealing mechanisms of origin waves with anomalous amplitude (rogue waves) have been in the focus of researchers from different fields ranging from oceanography to laser physics. Mode‐locked lasers, as a test bed system, provide a unique opportunity to collect more data on rogue waves in the form of random pulses (soliton rain) and to clarify the mechanisms of rogue‐wave emergence caused by soliton–soliton and soliton–dispersive wave interactions. Here, for the first time, for an Er‐doped mode‐locked laser, a new type of vector rogue waves is demonstrated experimentally and theoretically, which is driven by desynchronization of the orthogonal linear states of polarization, so leading to output power oscillations in the form of anomalous spikes‐dips (bright‐dark rogue waves). The results can pave the way to unlocking the universal nature of the origin of rogue waves and thus can be of interest to the broad scientific community.