Catalytic oxidation of CS2 over atmospheric particles and oxide catalysts

The catalytic oxidization of CS₂ over atmospheric particles and some oxide catalysts was explored through FT-IR, MS and a fixed-bed stainless steel reactor. The results show that atmospheric particles and some oxide catalysts exhibited considerable oxidizing activities for CS₂ at ambient temperature. The reaction products are mainly COS and elemental sulfur, even CO₂ on some catalysts. Among the catalysts, CaO has the strongest catalytic activity for oxidizing CS₂. Fe₂O₃ is weaker than CaO. The catalytic activity for Al₂O₃ reduces considerably compared with the former two catalysts, and SiO₂ the weakest. Atmospheric particle samples’ catalytic activity is between Fe₂O₃’s and Al₂O₃’s. The atmospheric particle sample collected mainly consists of Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈) · 4H₂O, which is also the main component of cement. COS, the main product, is formed by the catalytic oxidization of CS₂ with adsorbed “molecular” oxygen over the catalysts’ surfaces. The concentration of adsorbed oxygen over catalysts’ surfaces may be the key factor contributed to the oxidizing activity. It is indicated that CS₂ could be catalytically oxidized over atmospheric particles, which induced that this reaction may be another important source of atmospheric COS from CS₂.     

基于硫蒸气处理转移的单层二硫化钼的荧光增强

采用化学气相沉积法在SiO2/Si衬底上制备了单层MoS2,再通过300℃硫蒸气处理用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(Polymethyl Methacrylate,PMMA)转移下的单层MoS2.使用原子力显微镜、真空荧光检测和拉曼光谱等手段表征了样品的形貌和光致发光性能.结果表明:经过硫蒸气处理转移后的单层MoS2的光致发光强度比由化学气相沉积法制备的未处理的单层MoS2的光致发光强度增强了约5倍.光致发光强度增强是由于在硫蒸气处理过程中,单层MoS2的部分硫空位被硫原子纳米团簇所填补,从而提高了光致发光效率.此外,分别将单层MoS2转移到SiO2/Si衬底、石英、三氧化铝及氟化镁衬底再经过硫处理后,也观察到了类似的荧光增强现象.     

有机二硫化物润滑添加剂抗磨极压性能的密度泛函理论研究

用量子化学的密度泛函理论计算了12种有机二硫化物和铁原子簇的分子轨道指数及其与铁原子簇的化学吸附作用能, 探讨了这种作用能与抗磨性能的关系; 运用轨道能量近似原则讨论了有机二硫化物与铁原子的作用方式; 以前线电子密度、超离域性指数和原子净电荷作为判据分析了12种有机二硫化物与铁原子间键合的强弱、反应性的大小等表征有机二硫化物与金属作用强弱的参数。结果表明: 有机二硫化物与铁接触时, 在较缓和条件下, SS键优先断裂与金属发生化学吸附形成配位键, 起到抗磨作用; 在高负荷下, 与金属发生常规条件下不能发生的化学反应, 即CS键断裂生成无机膜, 起到极压作用; 且随着碳链的增长, 有机二硫化物的抗磨性能愈来愈好, 但极压性能愈来愈差; 运用量子化学计算得到的预测结果与摩擦学试验结果具有良好的一致性, 可为同类极压添加剂化合物的分子设计提供较为可靠的参考依据和理论方法。     

具有U构型的二{1-甲硫基-1-[1-苯基-1-(1-苯基-3-甲基-5-氧代-4,5二氢吡唑-4-烯)-甲氨基]亚氨甲基}二硫醚的晶体结构

The reaction of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-one (PMBP) and methyldithiocarbazate (mdtc) in methanol results in formation of a yellow crystalline solid, adduct of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4benzoyl-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrazol-5-one and methyldithiocarbazate. When the yellow solids were dissolved in a mixture of methanol and ether (1:4), a red crystal, which is an oxidation product of the former, was obtained by allowing solvent to evaporate for a few days at room temperature. The X-ray analysis of the red crystal indicates that it is a novel disulfide with a special structure like a “U” conformation in the solid state.     

有机二硫化物极压添加剂结构与润滑性能的理论研究

运用Gaussian98量子化学程序包,采用密度泛函理论(DFT)及从头算(ab initio)方法,在B3LYP/6-31G和HF/6-31G水平上对12种有机二硫化物的分子几何构型、电子结构、分子轨道指数及与铁原子簇的相互作用等进行了理论计算;由前线分子轨道理论分析了反应的活性原子和活性键,运用轨道能量近似原则讨论了有机二硫化物与铁原子的作用方式;以前线电子密度、超离域性指数和原子净电荷等参数作为表征有机二硫化物与金属作用强弱的判据,分析了有机二硫化物与铁原子间键合的强弱及反应性大小.结果表明:当有机二硫化物与铁接触时,趋向于发生S-S键和C-S键断裂;随碳链的增长,有机二硫化物的抗磨性能增强,极压性能减弱,与相应的摩擦磨损试验结果一致.所用的量子化学方法在润滑添加剂结构-性能研究领域具有良好的应用前景,可用以指导润滑添加剂的分子设计.     

Vulcanization of polypropylene

Dynamic covalent crosslinking of commodity thermoplastics is a desirable target in material development, as it promises to combine the enhanced mechanical properties and thermal/solvent stability of thermosets with reprocessability and plastic flow under certain conditions activating the bond exchange. Many attempts of this development suffer from the same two problems: enhanced cost due to complex and often toxic chemicals, and the effective melt-flow index being too low for practical use. Here we return to the origins of polymer networks, and mimic the vulcanization of natural rubber in the commodity polypropylene using elemental sulfur initiated by peroxide. Forming sulfur bridges allows easy catalyst-free reprocessability based on the disulfide bond exchange. We study a broad range of compositions and reaction conditions, finding optimal balance between the crosslinking and chain scission in the melt compounder, and demonstrating much enhanced characteristics of the resulting materials. We specifically discuss and evaluate the balance between the rubber-elastic network response at high temperatures and the plastic flow enabled by disulfide exchange, responsible for the reprocessing of our vitrimers.     

N2-broadening coefficients in the ν3 band of CS2 at room and low temperatures

Using a tunable diode-laser spectrometer, N₂-broadening coefficients have been measured for 15 lines in the ν₃ band of C³²S₂ at room and low temperatures (298, 273.2, 248.2, 223.2, and 198.2 K). These lines with J values ranging from 2 to 62 are located in the spectral range 1519-1545 cm⁻¹. The collisional widths are obtained by fitting each measured spectral line with a Voigt and a Rautian lineshape model and for a few lines we also used a Galatry model. From these results, we have determined the n parameter of the temperature dependence of each broadening coefficient. A semiclassical calculation of these broadenings has been performed by considering in addition to the main electrostatic quadrupole-quadrupole interaction an anisotropic dispersion contribution leading to satisfactory results at all temperatures and providing the n temperature dependence parameter in good agreement with the experimental determination.     

New Condensation Reaction of β-keto-δ-valerolactones, Carbon Disulfide and Alkyl Halides

β-Keto-δ-valerolactones, which were obtained by reaction of acetoacetate with aldehydes or ketones, reacted with carbon disulfide, alkyl halides and a new condensation reaction was developed. The structures of the products 3 were confirmed by ^1HNMR spectra and elemental analysis.