The Other Face of Bunsen's Cacodyl Disulfide,Me2As(S)‐S‐AsMe2: The Lewis‐Base Behaviour Towards Heavy Metal Cations

The reaction of Bunsen's cacodyl disulfide, Me₂As(S)‐S‐AsMe₂, with heavy metal cations in methanol produces insoluble salts (complexes) of dimethyldithioarsinic acid, Me₂AsS₂H, and dimethyl arsenium ion, Me₂As:⁺. This arsenium ion prefers to react with Me₂As(S)‐S‐AsMe₂, when in excess, compared to AcO^? or MeOH/H₂O and it is also reactive towards sulfur (S_x, x = 1‐8) producing the stabilized dimethylarsino sulfenium cation, . The complexes (Me₂AsS₂)_xM (x = 1 or 2) are unstable in the presence of their own heavy metal cations decomposing to colored solids. In an attempt to prepare salts of Me₂AsSH, the reactions of (Me₂AsS₂)_xM with triphenylphosphine and trimethyl phosphite gave the metal sulfide and Me₂As‐S‐AsMe₂ instead.     

Catechol violet as new, efficient, and versatile ligand for Cu(I)-catalyzed C-S coupling reactions

Combination of CuI and Catechol violet (CuI-CV) was employed as catalyst for the first time in the C-S coupling reaction of a wide variety of aromatic halides, such as aryl iodides, bromo pyridines, activated aryl chlorides, and vinyl iodide with thiols to afford the corresponding thioethers in good to excellent yields. Broad range of functional group tolerance present in both the coupling partners has been observed in this reaction protocol.     

Fragmentation of peptides with intra-chain disulfide bonds in triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and its quantitative application to biological samples

A growing number of peptides are being used today in bioanalytical laboratories. Because of this, there is an increasing interest in the development of highly sensitive, specific and robust liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) assays for the quantitative analysis of peptides in biological samples. Among the mass spectrometers previously used for peptide quantification, triple quadrupole mass spectrometers are generally not considered the instrument of choice. With this instrumentation, collision cascades or multiple fragmentations tend to generate multiple peaks that have weak intensities. This leads to a loss in detection sensitivity. However, in cases where immonium product ions were formed in abundance, it was found that peptide quantification succeeded. A common feature of these peptides is their intra-loop structure. To elucidate the usefulness of this feature in fragmentation, several peptide analytes with intra-chain disulfide bonds were investigated in this study, including a newly synthesized analog having a single amino acid substitution. The results presented here indicate that abrupt bond cleavage from the intra-loop structure of peptides could be one of the premises for intense immonium ion generation. In contrast, any preferential cleavage of peptide bonds (e.g., proline effect) that gives rise to a linearized sequence would break the intactness of the loop and prevent it from completely dissociating. In addition, the utilization of immonium product ions in LC/MS/MS was demonstrated for the determination of peptides with intra-chain disulfide bonds in biological fluids.     

Rapid sequencing and disulfide mapping of peptides containing disulfide bonds by using 1,5-diaminonaphthalene as a reductive matrix

MS/MS is indispensable for the amino acid sequencing of peptides. However, its use is limited for peptides containing disulfide bonds. We have applied the reducing properties of 1,5-diaminonaphthalene (1,5-DAN) as a MALDI matrix to amino acid sequencing and disulfide bond mapping of human urotensin II possessing one disulfide bond, and human guanylin possessing two disulfide bonds. 1,5-DAN was used in the same manner as the usual MALDI matrices without any pre-treatment of the peptide, and MS/MS was performed using a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization quadrupole ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MALDI QIT TOFMS). The results demonstrated that MS/MS of the molecular ions reduced by 1,5-DAN provided a series of significant b-/y-product ions. All 11 amino acid residues of urotensin II were identified using 1,5-DAN, while only 5 out of 11 residues were identified using 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB); similarly 11 out of 15 amino acid residues of guanylin were identified using 1,5-DAN, while only three were identified using DHB. In addition, comparison of the theoretical and measured values of the mass differences between corresponding MS/MS product ions using 1,5-DAN and DHB narrowed down the possible disulfide bond arrangement candidates. Consequently, 1,5-DAN as a reductive matrix facilitates rapid amino acid sequencing and disulfide mapping for peptides containing disulfide bonds.     

二硫化钴多孔风叶结构助力肼辅助高效电解产氢

以泡沫镍(NF)为基底,采用一步水热法制备了主晶相为CoS₂、夹杂少量NiO相、具有三维多孔风叶结构的CoS₂/NF电极材料。当溶液中钴硫物质的量之比为1∶5时,在140℃下保温18 h,获得了由10 nm厚度的纳米片构成的三维风叶结构的晶态CoS₂/NF电催化剂。CoS₂/NF在肼氧化及析氢反应中均表现出优异的催化性能,在水合肼碱性介质中,获得-10 mA·cm^-2的析氢电流密度时,需要的过电势仅为83 mV,获得50 mA·cm^-2的氧化电流密度时,需要的肼氧化电位仅为51 mV(vs RHE);在水合肼辅助电解水双功能电解槽中,获得100 mA·cm^-2的电流密度时,需要的分解槽压仅为0.550 V,远低于其在同条件下全水分解的2.075 V,大幅减小了电能消耗,极大地提高了电解水产氢效率。无论在三电极体系还是双电极体系,CoS₂/NF均表现出优异的长效稳定性及耐用性。分析认为,电极表面多孔风叶结构的形成,...     

基于顶空及表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)结合的葱属植物挥发性物质研究

为了在常温下鉴定新鲜植物样品的挥发性物质,且避免繁杂前期样品的制备过程,将新鲜样品切细后置入顶空瓶中,用注射器抽取顶空瓶上方的挥发性物质注入用微波法制备的纳米银溶胶中,用R-3000便携式拉曼光谱仪进行SERS的测量。获得了葱属植物大蒜、韭菜、葱的挥发性物质的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)。大蒜的SERS谱中较强的峰出现在307,399,569,711,1 182,1 287,1 397,1 622 cm-1处。韭菜的SERS谱中最强的峰出现在672 cm-1,较弱的峰出现在274,412,575,1 185,1 289,1 396,1 618 cm-1处。葱的SERS谱中最强的峰出现在693 cm-1,次强峰出现在372,888,1 023 cm-1处,较弱的峰出现在1 088,1 211,1 322 cm-1。获得二烯丙基二硫(diallyl disulfide)、烯丙基甲基硫醚(allylmethyl sulfide)、1-丙硫醇(1-Propanethiol)的液态、气态的SERS谱。经对比研究得出：吸附在银表面的大蒜、韭菜、葱的主要挥发性物质分别是二烯丙基二硫(diallyl disulfide)、烯丙基甲基硫醚(allyl methyl sulfide)、1-丙硫醇(1-Propanethiol)。同是葱属植物但不同种大蒜、韭菜、葱其吸附在银表面的主要的挥发性物质不一样,吸附在银表面的各种葱的主要挥发性物质都是1-丙硫醇。该实验结果表明顶空与SERS结合,不需要复杂的提取过程,可直接用于新鲜植物的挥发性物质快速检测。     

Consistency-dependent optical properties of lubricating grease studied by terahertz spectroscopy

The optical properties of four kinds of lubricating greases (urea, lithium, extreme pressure lithium, molybdenum disulfide lithium greases) with different NLGL (National Lubricant Grease Institute of America) numbers were investigated using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Greases with different NLGL grades have unique spectral features in the terahertz range. Comparison of the experimental data with predictions based on Lorentz--Lorenz theory exhibited that the refractive indices of each kind of lubricating grease were dependent on the their consistency. In addition, molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) as a libricant additive shows strong absorption from 0.2 to 1.4 THz, leading to higher absorption of MoS₂-lithium grease than that of lithium grease.     

石墨烯封装单层二硫化钼的热稳定性研究

将单层二硫化钼用石墨烯进行封装,构造了石墨烯和二硫化钼的范德瓦耳斯异质结构,并且分别在氩气（Ar）和氢气（H₂）氛围下,详细研究了被封装的二硫化钼的热稳定性.结果表明：在氩气氛围中,石墨烯封装的二硫化钼在400–1000℃下一直保持稳定,而石墨烯和氧化硅上裸露的二硫化钼在1000℃时几乎全部分解;在氢气氛围中,石墨烯封装的二硫化钼在400–1000℃下一直稳定存在,而石墨烯和氧化硅上裸露的二硫化钼在800℃下已经完全分解.综上可得,在氩气和氢气的氛围下,被石墨烯封装的二硫化钼的热稳定性得到了显著的提高.该研究通过用石墨烯将单层的二硫化钼进行封装以提高其热稳定性,在未来以单层二硫化钼作为基础材料的电子器件中,可以保证其在高温下能够正常工作.该研究也为提高其他二维材料的热稳定性提供了一种可行的方法和思路.     

空心碳球负载二硫化硒复合材料作为锂离子电池正极材料

制备了一种空心碳球负载二硫化硒(SeS₂@HCS)复合材料作为锂离子电池正极材料。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X射线衍射(XRD)以及氮气吸脱附测试(BET)等对产物形貌、组成和结构进行了表征。实验结果显示,采用模板法结合化学聚合法可以合成形貌均一、单分散的空心碳球;其直径约为500 nm,壁厚约为30 nm。进一步采用熔融灌入法可以得到空心碳球负载二硫化硒复合材料。将所制备复合材料组装成电池进行电化学性能测试,与原始二硫化硒块体材料相比,SeS₂@HCS复合材料具有更高的初始容量(100 mA·g^-1电流密度下,初始放电容量为956 mAh·g^-1)和更长的循环寿命(100 mA·g^-1电流密度下,循环200圈),同时显示出更优异的倍率性能。研究结果表明该复合材料是一种具有应用前景的新型锂离子电池正极材料。     

MoS_2溶液的波长选择性光限幅效应研究

采用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和四氢呋喃(THF)为溶剂,用离散法制备二硫化钼(MoS2)悬浮溶液,并用开孔Z扫描方法研究其在可见和近红外区域的非线性光学特性.结果显示,在强激光照射下,MoS2(in THF)悬浮溶液在可见波段(530 nm)透过率增强为常光透过率的1.54倍,表现为饱和吸收;在近红外波段(790 nm)透过率减弱为常光透过率的0.6倍,表现为反饱和吸收,具有很好的波长选择性光限幅效应.而作为对比的MoS2(in DMF)悬浮溶液在全波段透过率降低,呈现反饱和吸收特性,波长选择性不明显.机理解释可能为饱和吸收和热效应导致的自衍射两种机制联合作用.