固相时间分辨荧光免疫分析仪数据采集系统设计

荧光寿命和时间分辨荧光光谱在时间分辨荧光免疫分析中具有十分重要的地位。本文设计了一款基于CPLD的实时、高速数据采集系统,该系统实现几百纳秒到十几个毫秒范围的荧光测量。使用VHDL硬件描述语言设计CPLD内部的逻辑电路,内部共设置了13种采样频率,测量过程中,可多次选择不同的采样频率,直到得出最理想的结果。采样个数在1-8192范围内任意设置。采样时间及延迟时间可根据需要在1-65535微妙范围内调节,分辨率为1微妙。测量结果表明,该系统满足荧光寿命和时间分辨荧光光谱测量的要求。     

离子交换固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法测定方便面皮复合包装袋中2,4-二氨基甲苯的迁移量

建立了方便面皮复合包装袋中2,4-二氨基甲苯迁移量的离子交换固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用检测方法。样品用4%（v/v）乙酸溶液浸泡,然后采用MCX混合型阳离子交换柱富集净化,以5.0 mL水淋洗小柱,用3.0 mL 5%（v/v）氨化甲醇洗脱样品,洗脱液经过溶剂交换,七氟丁酸酐衍生后,用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对目标物进行检测,外标法定量。2,4-二氨基甲苯在1~50 μg/L范围内,线性相关系数（r）为0.9991,检出限（S/N=3）为0.2 μg/L,定量限（S/N=10）为0.6 μg/L,回收率在89.0%~94.2%之间,相对标准偏差为1.9%~3.6%。该方法的前处理过程无需调节提取液的pH值,也不需要液液萃取,大幅简化了前处理过程,降低了有机溶剂的消耗,具有操作便捷、结果准确的优点,适用于方便面皮复合包装袋中2,4-二氨基甲苯迁移量的检测。     

Comparative study of ink photoinitiators in food packages using gas chromatography with vacuum ultraviolet detection and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry

This work focused on the development and validation of the analytical procedure using gas chromatography equipped with vacuum‐ultraviolet detection for the specific and sensitive determination of nine photoinitiators in food packages. Subsequently, a comparison of the combination of vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy with gas chromatography and a developed gas chromatography with mass spectrometry method was performed. The vacuum‐ultraviolet spectra of all tested photoinitiators were collected and found to be highly distinct, even for isomers. Under the optimal conditions, the limits of detection for nine photoinitiators ranged from 1 to 5 mg/L using vacuum ultraviolet detection and from 0.15 to 0.5 mg/L using mass spectrometric detection. Both techniques were successfully applied for screening of photoinitiators in seven kinds of food packages and the obtained data showed good agreement (the relative difference was between 3 and 18%). The variability in concentrations found in triplicate samples was assessed to be below 18%. Predominantly benzophenone was found in all analysed samples in the range of 0.31–4.23 mg/kg. It appears to be preferably selected by food packaging manufacturers. This study proposes a new simple and sensitive technique used for analysis of photoinitiators that could be a good alternative to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry.     

DNA packaging in water solutions induced by polylysine and spermidine

The conformation properties of the DNA molecule complexed with polylysine (PLL) and spermidine (Spd) were studied by circular dichroism (CD), ultraviolet spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), viscosimetry, and dynamic birefringence. Experimental data suggest that when the concentration ratio of the monomer residues of polylysine and DNA (N/P) in moles is smaller than unity, the viscosity changes but slightly, whereas when N/P > 1, it abruptly drops to solvent viscosity. This is accompanied by changes in optical anisotropy and in the circular dichroism spectra of DNA. DLS data indicate that for N/P > 1, compact discrete particles are formed.     

食品塑料包装材料中化学物质的残留和分析

综述了近几年食品塑料材料中残留的化学物质和分析进展，内容包括聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯，聚氯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、三聚氰胺树脂及成型品。     

示波极谱法测定食品包装材料中的游离苯酚

探讨苯酚的亚硝化反应极谱还原波的最佳形成条件及共存物质的影响,建立了用单扫描示波极谱法测定食品包装材料中游离苯酚的简便方法。在峰电位-0.47V(vs·SCE)处,苯酚的亚硝化产物二阶导数的峰高与苯酚浓度在0.02～0.8μg/10 mL呈良好的线性关系,苯酚的检出限为0.002 mg/L。与比色法相比,该法蒸馏时间缩短了2/3,取样量减少至1/40,不使用有机溶剂,每小时可分析30～40份样品。     

Chromogenic Polymers and Their Packaging Applications: A Review

Abstract

This review paper provides an overview of chromogenic polymers and their classifications, mechanisms, chemistry, synthesis procedures, and potential applications with a focus on packaging. Commonly and academically accepted classifications derived from chemical engineering, material science, and packaging science are used. Furthermore, recent progress and outputs aligned with chromogenic polymers for overcoming the common challenges are discussed. Finally, future prospects, market trends and academic investigations are described, including challenges related to chromogenic polymers.     

Identification of migratable substances in recycled high density polyethylene collected from household waste

High Density polyethylene regranules reprocessed from separated household waste collection were investigated for migratable con-taminants which were not present in virgin material. Although the material originated from different European reprocessors, the de-tected recycling-specific compounds were similar in most of the investigated samples. At a chosen threshold concentration of 0.5 μg/g more than 70 compounds were tentatively identified. Aroma compounds and preservatives were found in the range of 0.5 to 10 μg/g. Limonene, di(ethylhexyl) phthalate, and the isopropyl esters of myristic and palmitic acids were detected in concentrations up to 200 μg/g. These compounds were found in almost all the regranules. Most of the substances identified are constituents of personal hygiene products and cleaning agents and are therefore absorbed by the package during the storage. Owing to European food legislation and German cosmetics regulations, the use of such recycling packaging material appears suitable only for filling with technical products.     

Polymerization of calcium caseinates solutions induced by gamma irradiation

Solutions of calcium caseinate (5%) combined with propylene glycol (PG) or triethylene glycol(TEG) (0, 2.5% and 5%) and used for the development of edible films and coatings, were irradiated at doses between 0 to 128 kGy. Solutions were chromatographed through toyopearl HW 55F resin to observe the effect of irradiation on cross-link reactions. In unirradiated calcium caseinate solutions, two peaks could be observed (fractions 30 and 37) while samples irradiated at 64 kGy and 128 kGy showed one shifted peak at fraction 32 and 29 respectively. No effect of the plasticizers was observed. According to proteins standards of knowed molecular weights, the molecular weight of calcium caseinate increased approximately 10 times when irradiated at 128 kGy and 5 times when irradiated at 64 kGy. The physico-chemical properties of bio-films prepared with the irradiated solutions, demonstrated that tensile strength at break increased with increase of irradiation dose. A maximum dose was obtained at 16 kGy.     

Preparation and characterization of hybrid cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose/sodium alginate polyelectrolyte antimicrobial films

This study aimed to develop polyelectrolyte‐structured antimicrobial food packaging materials that do not contain any antimicrobial agents. Cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose was synthesized and characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. Its nitrogen content was determined by Kjeldahl method. Polyelectrolyte‐structured antimicrobial food packaging materials were prepared using hydroxyethyl cellulose, cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose, and sodium alginate. Antimicrobial activity of materials was defined by inhibition zone method (disc diffusion method). Thermal stability of samples was evaluated by thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Surface morphology of samples was investigated by SEM. The obtained results prove that produced food packaging materials have good thermal and antimicrobial properties, and they can be used as food packaging material in many industries.