Oxidation of sulfides with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by synthetic flavin adducts with dendritic bis(acylamino)pyridines

The catalytic activities of the cationic synthetic flavin adduct 1 with various dendritic and non-dendritic 2,6-bis(acylamino)pyridines 2 were examined for the oxidation of organic sulfides with H₂O₂. The adduct of 5-ethyllumiflavinium perchlorate 1a with 2b–d bearing poly(benzyl ether) dendron units acts as an efficient organocatalyst for the oxidative transformation of sulfides to the corresponding sulfoxides under mild conditions.     

Synthesis of on resin poly(propylene imine) dendrimer and its use as organocatalyst

Solid phase synthesis of poly(propylene imine) dendrimer is described. An iterative synthesis including double Michael addition of acrylonitrile to the primary amino groups on crosslinked polystyrene support followed by reduction of nitrile groups to amino groups give poly(propylene imine) dendrimers up to third generation attached to the polystyrene support. The supported dendrimer is used as an organocatalyst to Knoevenagel condensations. The supported catalyst showed good selectivity and the product was obtained in excellent yield under green reaction conditions. Densely packed amino groups enhance catalysis by a co-operative effect. The catalyst is recoverable and reusable.     

Insulated π-conjugated metallopolymers

Recently, there has been a progressive development of insulated π-conjugated metallopolymers with accumulated features of π-conjugated bridging units, transition metal complexes, and encapsulating moieties, as higher-order functionalized materials. A number of insulated conjugated metallopolymers have been successfully synthesized and their fascinating properties have been reported. In addition to the conventional features derived from π-conjugation and transition metals, their insulated structures can compensate for solubility, a disadvantage in conventional metallopolymers, and enhance their functionalities, such as sensing, luminescence, and conduction. In this review, we summarize the synthetic methodologies, structural characteristics, and functionalities of one-dimensional insulated π-conjugated metallopolymers, while focusing on the effect of transition metals and insulation on their properties.     

New method of identifying morphine in urine samples using nanoparticle-dendrimer-enzyme hybrid system

The incorporation of morphine (MOR) into the nanoparticle structure is a viable alternative to traditional enzyme usage. It has good biological potential to separate MOR from real urine samples. In this study, a new method of MOR identification in real urine samples was synthesized using the β-glucuronidase-dendrimer poly amidoamine (PAMAM) enzyme hybrid system. Replacing MOR in dendrimer cavities significantly reduces enzyme consumption. The replacement technique is done in dendrimer cavities in two stages as an alternative to β-glucuronidase enzyme and even MOR. In this paper, firstly, PAMAM dendrimer G2 was synthesized based on silica. The β-glucuronidase enzyme was replaced inside its dendrimer cavities and the compound was released into a real urine sample containing MOR. The enzyme was extracted from dendrimer cavities. The MOR- β-glucuronidase enzyme bond broke. In the next stage of the process, free MOR entered the PAMAM dendrimer G2 cavities. MOR was detected in real urine samples.     

Low generational polyamidoamine dendrimers to enhance the solubility of folic acid:A‘‘dendritic effect’’investigation

Low generational(G0–G2,G for generation) polyamidoamine(PAMAM) dendrimers were investigated as enhancers to improve the aqueous solubility of folic acid at pH 11 and pH 5.In these two cases,the solubility of folic acid increases with both the dendrimer concentration and generation.However,the solubilization mechanism is different.The electrostatic interaction between the primary amines of dendrimers and the ionized carboxylic groups of folic acid dominates the dissolution process at pH 11 while the increase of the solubility of folic acid at pH 5 is attributed to the hydrophobic encapsulation inside the dendrimer molecules.In addition,for comparison ethylenediamine was used as a small molecule control to examine the ‘‘dendritic effect' in the dendrimer-related solubilization process.Interestingly,PAMAM dendrimers exhibit,at pH 5,a significant superiority over ethylenediamine in enhancing solubility,whereas this ‘‘dendritic effect' cannot be observed under the basic condition.     

多巴胺用量对Fe3O4@PDA@PAMAM磁性纳米吸附材料的微观结构及吸附性能的影响

以自制的Fe3O4磁性纳米材料为核,多巴胺(DA)为表面修饰剂,成功地将2.0 G聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)树状大分子接枝在Fe3O4磁核表面,制备出了一系列不同DA含量的Fe3O4@PDA@PAMAM磁性纳米吸附材料。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱仪(IR)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)等分析测试手段对材料组成、微观结构、磁性能和对重金属Cd(Ⅱ)离子的吸附性能进行了测试和表征。研究了修饰剂DA用量对Fe3O4@PDA@PAMAM磁性纳米吸附材料的相组成、微观结构、磁性能和吸附性能的影响。实验结果表明,Fe3O4@PDA@PAMAM磁性纳米吸附材料均呈典型的核-壳结构,材料晶型均呈现尖晶石结构,且壳层厚度随DA用量增加而增厚;材料的饱和磁化强度(Ms)均比Fe3O4的小,且随着DA用量的增加而降低,并且材料的矫顽力(Hc)和剩余磁化强度(Mr)均较低,其磁响应特性适合于做为可回收磁性纳米吸附材料。材料对Cd(Ⅱ)离子的平衡吸附容量随着DA用量的增加呈先增加后减小趋势。当Fe3O4和DA的质量比为8∶4时,吸附剂对Cd(Ⅱ)离子的吸附容量达到最大值165.13 mg·g^-1。     

天然高分子药物微球载体材料的研究进展

综述了国内外在天然高分子药物微球载体材料研究及应用中的进展状况,主要从天然高分子药物微球载体材料的分类、微球的制备方法及特点、载药微球的给药途径和应用等进行概括,并对目前所存在的问题进行了描述。     

碳纳米管原子力显微镜针尖在结构生物学研究中的应用

碳纳米管以其较小的半径、较高的纵横比和高的柔韧性成为原子力显微镜对结构生物学进行研究的理想针尖。新的制备方法获得了亚纳米级半径的碳纳米管针尖,运用它们得到了生物大分子及其复合物的生物结构,并获得了新的生物信息,这用传统的原子力显微镜针尖是无法实现的。     

梳形支化聚苯乙烯模型化合物的合成及表征

本文用阴离子聚合的聚苯乙烯进行氯甲基化,再将此带有活泼氯的甲基化聚苯乙烯作为主链与活性聚苯乙烯阴离子偶合接枝,制备了12个具有等长度支链沿主链无规分布的、结构明确的梳形聚苯乙烯模型化合物,并用GPC—粘度计联用装置对之进行了表征.     

Combined use of nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy for studying recognition processes between amphenicolic antibiotics and albumin

Biological reactions are mostly concerned with selective interactions between small ligands and macromolecular receptors. The same ligands may activate responses of different intensities and/or effects in the presence of different receptors. Many approaches based on spectroscopic and non‐spectroscopic methods have been used to study interactions between small ligands and macromolecular receptors, including methods based on NMR and IR spectroscopic analysis of the solution behaviour of the ligand in the presence of receptors. In this work, we investigated the interaction between ovine serum albumin with two amphenicolic antibiotics [chloramphenicol (CAP) and thiamphenicol (TAP)], using a combined approach based on NMR and IR methodologies, furnishing complementary information about the recognition process occurring within the two systems. The two ligands, despite their similar structures, showed different affinities towards albumin. NMR methodology is based on the comparison of selective ( ) and non‐selective ( ) spin–lattice relaxation rates of the ligands in the presence and absence of macromolecular receptors and and temperature dependence analysis. From these studies, the ligand–receptor binding strength was evaluated on the basis of the ‘affinity index.’ The derivation of the affinity index from chemical equilibrium kinetics for both the CAP–albumin and TAP–albumin systems allowed a comparison of the abilities of the two amphenicolic antibiotics to interact with the protein. IR methodology is based on the comparison of the ligand–protein ‘complex’ spectra with those of the non‐interacting systems. On the basis of the differences revealed, a more thorough IR analysis was performed in order to understand the structural changes which occurred on both ligand and protein molecules within the interacting system. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.