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综合分析近年来有关的中外文献资料,讨论了临床常用药物对肠道锌吸收的影响及其意义。有十几类药物会对锌吸收产生影响。药物对锌吸收的影响在营养学及其临床上有重要意义,其中对锌吸收的抑制可能是锌缺乏的原因之一。 相似文献
3.
新型杀菌剂氟吗啉在黄瓜植株体内的吸收传导行为 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用生物测定技术和高效液相色谱法研究了氟吗啉在黄瓜植株体内的吸收、传导和分布行为及其机制. 结果表明, 氟吗啉能被黄瓜植株被动吸收, 并通过木质部在体内传导和分布. 相似文献
4.
An analytical method for analysing acrylamide in coffee was validated. The analysis of prepared coffee includes a comprehensive clean-up using multimode solid-phase extraction (SPE) by automatic SPE equipment and detection by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using electrospray in the positive mode. The recoveries of acrylamide in ready-to-drink coffee spiked with 5 and 10 μg l−1 were 96±14% and 100±8%, respectively. Within laboratory reproducibility for the same spiking levels were 14% and 9%, respectively. Coffee samples (n = 25) prepared twice by coffee machines and twice by a French Press Cafetière coffee maker contained 8±3 μg l−1 and 9±3 μg l−1 acrylamide. Five ready-to-drink instant coffee prepared twice contained 8±2 μg l−1. Hence, the results do not show significant differences in the acrylamide contents in ready-to-drink coffee prepared by coffee machine, French Press or from instant coffee. Medium roasted coffee contained more acrylamide (10 μg l−1) than dark roasted coffee (5 μg l−1). Males aged 35–45 years, drinking on average 1.1 l coffee per day are exposed to the highest doses of acrylamide from coffee. The dietary intake of acrylamide from coffee comprises, on an average, 10 μg day−1 for males and 9 μg day−1 for females aged 35–45 years. Probabilistic modelling of the exposure of Danish consumers (all adults) to acrylamide from coffee shows a mean exposure of 6.5 μg day−1 and a 95 percentile of 18 μg day−1. 相似文献
5.
Numerical simulation of the flow in a two‐dimensional mixed compression intake is carried out by solving unsteady viscous compressible equations using a stabilized finite element method. The effect of bleed in starting/unstarting of the intake and controlling the buzz instability is investigated in detail. Higher bleed leads to an increase in the ability of the intake to sustain larger back‐pressure for stable operation. The amount of bleed and its location is varied to understand its effect on the performance of the intake. Two kinds of unsteady oscillations are observed: ‘little’ and ‘big’ buzz. The frequency of the both kinds of buzz oscillations is found to be super‐harmonic of the fundamental acoustic frequency of intake modeled as an open‐closed organ pipe. The frequency as well as amplitudes of the big buzz cycles is larger than those of the little buzz. The little‐ and big‐buzz are found to occur for low‐ and high‐subcritical state of the intake and are very similar to Ferri and Dailey criteria, respectively. Buzz is eliminated when relatively high bleed is implemented, both, upstream and downstream of the throat. The effect of rate of change of back‐pressure on the start/unstart of the intake is investigated. Two situations are considered. The first case is that of an intake where the back‐pressure remains below the critical value. It is found that the intake remains started if the change in back‐pressure is gradual. However, it unstarts if the back‐pressure is changed relatively rapidly. The second set of simulations is an attempt to model the situation where the back‐pressure at the exit of the intake exceeds the critical value and a logic is incorporated in the feed back loop of the fuel modulation to start the intake. Low rate of change of pressure is unsuccessful in starting the intake. Relatively high rates result in either a quick starting of the intake or a slow unstart. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
The influence of intake port design on the flow field in a dual-intake valve engine was investigated using computational fluid dynamics, in order to study the effect of inlet port design on the in-cylinder flow. A detailed 3D computational grid incorporating all the features of the Ford Zetec production engine inlet ports, valves and cylinder head was initially created and the flow structure modelled at 5 and 10 mm valve lifts under steady flow conditions. Comparisons of computational results with experimental data obtained by laser Doppler anemometry indicate that the flow characteristics have been predicted well in most regions. Flow generated by different intake port designs was also simulated by introducing air into the cylinder at different directions to the inlet valve axes and the effects of port deactivation, throttling and exhaust gas recirculation were examined. The implications of the results for intake port design are discussed. 相似文献
7.
Outdoor propagation from roads is influenced by wind, temperature and humidity. It is necessary to predict wind effects to simulate long-term environmental noise accurately. Noise levels have been measured in conjunction with wind speed and wind direction measurements. These noise levels showed noticeable daily changes. Excess attenuations of noise levels were found to depend on the vector wind (Uvec). By relating the vector wind and observed sound attenuations under all wind conditions, the influence of wind can be more accurately predicted for purposes of simulating noise propagation. 相似文献
8.
Naeem Khan Nargis Jamila Yun MiDang Cheong Mi Lee Yu Min Park Ga Hyun Lee 《Analytical letters》2017,50(15):2426-2446
This study reports the concentrations of eight trace essential (Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Co, V, and Se) and four toxic elements (Pb, As, Cd, and Hg) in commonly consumed stone fruits from South Korea. The samples were digested by microwave-induced combustion and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The concentrations of mercury were analyzed by direct mercury analysis (DMA). The analytical techniques were validated by linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision, recovery, and for accuracy by analyzing a spinach leave-certified reference material; satisfactory results were obtained in all cases. The concentrations of essential trace elements varied considerably among the stone fruits. Generally stone fruits contained comparatively high concentrations of Zn (0.946 to 7.86?µg/g) and Mn (below the limit of detection to 1.66?µg/g), while lower contents of Cu (0.214 to 1.24?µg/g), Cr (0.032 to 0.114?µg/g), Ni (0.006 to 0.091?µg/g), Co (0.004 to 0.016?µg/g), V (below the limit of detection to 0.023?µg/g), and Se (0.0002 to 0.005?µg/g) were obtained. The concentrations (µg/g) of toxic metals were 0.007 (peach) to 0.016 (cherry) for Pb, 0.001 (plum) to 0.007 (cherry) for As, 0.002 (apricot and cherry) to 0.003 (peach) for Cd, and 0.0003 (peach) to 0.0016 (jujube) for Hg. The values for the estimated dietary intakes, target hazard quotients, and hazard indices were lower than the recommended safety limits by World Health Organization. Therefore, the analyzed stone fruits were deemed to be safe for human consumption. 相似文献
9.
Hermann Schildknecht 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》1983,22(9):695-710
Probably the most fascinating biological phenomenon is the movement which is so impressively observed in higher organized plants when, e.g., in a sort of “quick retreat”, the sensitive plant apparently vanishes on touching, or when all the pinnules of an acacia fold together pairwise at dusk, as though the whole tree were going to “sleep”. Such plants and trees do not possess muscles for the movement of their organs; instead of the contraction of a “still primitive” actomyosin system in this movement the hydrostatic internal pressure of the vacuoles—the turgor—in the parenchymal cells of the motile organs is often drastically and unilaterally reduced. After preception of an external stimulus there follows a gradual or sudden change in the semipermeability of the boundry plasma layers, and, mediated by a stimulus conduction, also of all the symplasts of a multicellular plant organism. The phytohormones which form the molecular basis of the physiology of movement discussed here have now been isolated and structurally elucidated. The chemical agonists of phytodynamics, referred to as turgorins, elicit leaf movement; moreover, they very probably also regulate—perhaps together with other phytohormones—the mechanism of change of aperture in stomatal transpiration. Hence, the turgorins facilitate not only a regulation of temperature, but even their own transport in the sap of the whole plant body. 相似文献
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