生物分子拉曼散射测定过程中荧光背景的抑制

拉曼共焦技术、表面拉曼增强技术以及降低入射激光强度的方法，被运用于SOD、DNA等生物分子拉曼散身实验中，以抑制其荧光背景，改善光谱质量。     

Bubbles in DNA by random force

We model single strand binding (SSB) proteins as agents exerting randomly oriented force on the bonds in DNA unzipping. The fluctuating force is found to unzip the double stranded DNA (dsDNA) via opening of bubbles along the chain.     

Detailed investigation of ignition by hot gas jets

Experimental and numerical investigations of the ignition of hydrogen/air mixtures by jets of hot exhaust gases are reported. An experimental realisation of such an ignition process, where a jet of hot exhaust gas impinges through a narrow nozzle into a quiescent hydrogen/air mixture, possibly initiating ignition and combustion, is studied. High-speed laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) image sequences of the hydroxyl radical (OH) and laser Schlieren methods are used to gain information about the spatial and temporal evolution of the ignition process. Recording temporally resolved pressure traces yields information about ambient conditions for the process. Numerical experiments are performed that allow linking these observables to certain characteristic states of the gas mixture. The outcome of numerical modelling and experiments indicates the important influence of the hot jet temperature and speed of mixing between the hot and cold gases on the ignition process. The results show the quenching of the flame inside the nozzle and the subsequent ignition of the mixture by the hot exhaust jet. These detailed examinations of the ignition process improve the knowledge concerning flame transmission out of electrical equipment of the type of protection flameproof enclosure.     

Kinetics of protein-release by an aptamer-based DNA nanodevice

A recently introduced DNA nanodevice can be used to selectively bind or release the protein thrombin triggered by DNA effector strands. The release process is not well described by simple first or second order reaction kinetics. Here, fluorescence resonance energy transfer and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy experiments are used to explore the kinetics of the release process in detail. To this end the influence of concentration variations and also of temperature is determined. The relevant kinetic parameters are extracted from these experiments and the kinetic behavior of the system is simulated numerically using a set of rate equations. The hydrodynamic radii of the aptamer device alone and bound to thrombin are determined as well as the dissociation constant for the aptamer device-thrombin complex. The results from the experiments and a numerical simulation support the view that the DNA effector strand first binds to the aptamer device followed by the displacement of the protein.     

钌(Ⅱ)配合物与DNA相互作用的瞬态发光特性

以三种新合成的钌配合物[Ru(bpy)₂(7-CH₃-dppz)]²⁺、[Ru(bpy)₂(7-F-dppz)]²⁺、[Ru(phen)₂(7-F-dppz)]²⁺为研究对象,采用时间分辨的荧光光谱技术分别测量了这三种钌配合物与小牛胸腺DNA相互作用时的瞬态荧光动力学过程。结果表明:[Ru(bpy)₂(7-CH₃-dppz)]²⁺的发光寿命最长(约382 ns),而[Ru(bpy)₂(7-F-dppz)]²⁺的发光寿命最短(约65 ns)。分析表明:钌配合物的发光来源于配合物分子中的电荷转移态到基态的辐射跃迁。通过钌配合物与DNA的相互作用,使得配合物激发态分子的无辐射弛豫几率减小,从而导致发光寿命的增加。配合物的分子与DNA相互作用越强,激发态分子的无辐射弛豫几率越小,发光寿命也越长,最终导致高的发光效率。配合物的分子结构对配合物的分子与DNA的相互作用具有重要的影响。     

十二羰基三铁与DNA相互作用的紫外和荧光光谱研究

采用紫外-可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱等法研究了十二羰基三铁簇合物与小牛胸腺DNA的相互作用.在簇合物存在下,DNA的紫外吸收光谱产生了明显的增色效应.荧光光谱表明簇合物的荧光强度随DNA的加入其荧光强度增加,说明簇合物与DNA之间发生了插入作用.     

Modeling DNA beacons at the mesoscopic scale

We report model calculations on DNA single strands which describe the equilibrium dynamics and kinetics of hairpin formation and melting. Modeling is at the level of single bases. Strand rigidity is described in terms of simple polymer models; alternative calculations performed using the freely rotating chain and the discrete Kratky-Porod models are reported. Stem formation is modeled according to the Peyrard-Bishop-Dauxois Hamiltonian. The kinetics of opening and closing is described in terms of a diffusion-controlled motion in an effective free-energy landscape. Melting profiles, dependence of melting temperature on loop length, and kinetic time scales are in semiquantitative agreement with experimental data obtained from fluorescent DNA beacons forming poly(T) loops. Variation in strand rigidity is not sufficient to account for the large activation enthalpy of closing and the strong loop length dependence observed in hairpins forming poly(A) loops. Implications for modeling single strands of DNA or RNA are discussed.     

Lesion location inside live tissues using the scattering of polarized light

The temporal intensity distributions of the transmitted light through the tissue with lesion structures are investigated using the polarized Monte Carlo technique. Simulation results show that time-resolved curves of transmitted light change obviously for different lesion structures. When the lesion thickness increases, the intensity of transmitted light decreases for co-polarization detection and increases for cross-polarization detection. With the increase of the lesion depth, the amplitude rises for both co- and cross-polarization detection. A method considering the dependence of the peak temporal distribution on the lesion position is thus proposed to locate lesions inside live tissues.     

Nano organic carbon and soot in turbulent non-premixed ethylene flames

Spectral optical techniques are combined to characterise the distribution of large-molecule soot precursors, nanoparticles of organic carbon, and soot in two turbulent non-premixed ethylene flames with differing residence times. Laser-induced fluorescence, laser-induced incandescence and light scattering are used to define distributions across the particle size distribution. From the scattering and laser-induced emission measurements it appears that two classes of particles are formed. The first ones are preferentially formed in the fuel-rich region of the flame closer to the nozzle, have sizes of the order of few nanometers but are not fully solid particles, because the constituent molecules still maintain their individual identity exhibiting strong broadband fluorescence in the UV. The second class of particles constituted by solid particles, with sizes of the order of tens of nanometers are able to absorb a sufficient number of photons to be heated to incandescent temperatures. These larger particles are formed at larger residence times in the flame since they are the result of slow growth processes such as coagulation or carbonization. The flames are also modeled in order to produce mixture fraction maps. A new discovery is that nanoparticles of organic carbon concentration, unlike soot, does correlate well with mixture fraction, independent of position in the flame. This is likely to be a significant benefit to future modelling of soot inception processes in turbulent non-premixed flames.     

两种芳香植物非挥发性组分抗氧化和对DNA损伤的保护作用

采用6种化学发光体系和两种比色体系研究了芳香植物罗勒和香柠檬的非挥发性组分(简称罗勒、香柠檬)直接清除活性氧、活性氮和对^.OH引起的DNA损伤的保护作用。结果表明,罗勒和香柠檬不仅能直接清除O2,而且可抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶的活性从而减少O2的产生。罗勒和香柠檬也能有效清除^.OH、H2O2、ONOO^.和DPPH^.,两者相比,香柠檬除对^.OH的清除作用弱于罗勒外,清除以上各种自由基的能力均强于罗勒。结果还显示,罗勒和香柠檬都能抑制脂质过氧化,明显地抑制和延缓DNA损伤,起到预防型抗氧化剂和断链型抗氧化剂的双重作用。这些结果表明,罗勒和香柠檬的非挥发性组分是有效的、多功能的天然抗氧化剂和自由基清除剂。