Studies on the syntheses of polymetalloxanes and their properties as a precursor for amorphous oxide. IV. Properties of SiO2–TiO2 oxide fibers from polytitanosiloxane

From polytitanosiloxanes (PTS), SiO₂–TiO₂ oxide fibers with fairly good tensile strength were prepared, and their mechanical and thermal properties were investigated. The precursor fibers PTS-0.5 and PTS-1.0 were obtained by dry spinning of a highly viscous PTS solution which were formed as the reaction mixture of silicic acid (SA) with bis(2,4-pentanedionato)titanium diisopropoxide (PTP) in the molar ratios (SA/PTP) of 0.5 and 1.0. The precursor fibers PTS-0.5 were too brittle to measure their tensile strength, whereas PTS-1.0 and the heat-treated fibers were found to have tensile strength of 130 (precursor), 540 (500°C), and 450 (900°C) MPa, respectively. Heat-treatment of the fibers PTS-1.0 at above 1000°C forms anatase and rutile of titanium dioxide. The crystallization is resulted from the unreacted PTP which is not incorporated into the polymer network.     

考虑塑性变形发展程度系数的RC梁开裂弯矩改进计算公式

针对RC梁开裂荷载计算方法尚未统一的现状,首先,结合18根RC梁试验数据对比了已有的6种RC梁开裂弯矩计算公式,发现开裂弯矩理论计算值与试验值的偏差大小和混凝土强度有关;然后,通过提出塑性变形发展程度系数k,推导新的RC梁开裂弯矩计算公式,并进一步基于k值和塑性影响系数计算值γ_k进行改进;最后,选取12根RC试验梁验证改进公式的准确性,证明改进公式的计算值与试验值吻合更好且偏于安全。     

滑带土动力学性质试验研究

为了研究地震高烈度区老滑坡的复活变形原因,本文对滑坡滑带土的动力学特性进行了系列研究。本次试验采用扰动土样,制样基本物理指标按滑带土的现场测试指标确定,在不固结不排水条件下,运用MTS810Teststar程控液压伺服土动三轴仪对单个样品逐级放大动应力的分级试验方法进行。侧向压力 (围压 )分别采用 100kPa、20 0kPa、300kPa三级,通过施加轴向振动荷载 (力 )模拟地震作用,振动波形为正弦波,频率为 1Hz,振幅随试样性质确定。研究结果表明,滑带土在动荷载作用下的动力学性质与其静荷载作用下的力学性质有着较大的差异,主要表现在滑带土的动应力与动应变关系的非线性、滞后性及变形积累特点,动弹性模量与动强度的显著降低以及动阻尼比的显著增大特性。这揭示了动力作用下的滑坡复活原因之一,同时为滑坡稳定性评价和动力作用下的变形机制模拟分析提供了基础资料,也为分析滑带土动力本构模型提供了基本内容。     

NONLINEAR UNIFIED STRENGTH MODEL OF GEOMATERIALS

将材料的破坏归结为剪切破坏,每种材料对应于特定的剪切滑动面,抗剪强度为滑动面上正应力的函数,基于不同材料的强度特性将一系列的剪切滑动面统一起来,建立了岩土材料的非线性统一强度模型.非线性统一强度模型的滑动面为β应力空间内的等倾面,在β应力空间内的强度面为圆锥面;在普通应力空间内的强度面为一系列连续光滑、外凸的锥面,在偏平面上强度曲线涵盖了从下限Matsuoka-Nakai曲线到上限Drucker-Prager圆之间的所有区域,子午面上强度线为直线.非线性统一强度模型只有3个材料参数,参数都具有明确的物理意义,通过与国内外学者已取得的岩土类材料真三轴强度试验结果的比较,表明模型可适用于多种类型的材料,并合理描述其非线性强度特性.     

一种用于冶金炉前快速分析的新仪器——激光诱导击穿光谱仪

冶金炼钢要求快速分析冶金炉前样品来及时掌握冶炼过程。文章介绍了自主研制的一种新型的光谱仪——激光诱导击穿光谱仪,该仪器采用ns级脉宽的Nd∶YAG激光器作为样品离子化光源,激光聚焦样品表面激发产生的等离子体光谱依次经帕邢-龙格光学系统进行分光、光电倍增管探测、门控积分器积分、模拟数字转换器转换后获得的最终结果输入计算机进行数据处理。和目前冶金炉前样品分析常用的光谱仪相比,该仪器无需样品预处理,分析速度快(1 min或更少),准确灵敏度高,非常适用于冶金炉前样品的快速分析。近年来随着光纤技术的迅速发展,使用该仪器进行钢液实时在线分析和动态控制冶金工艺必将成为现实。     

脉冲激光在液体中激发的声波特性研究

理论上分析了脉冲激光在液体中产生的声波波阵面随光声源形状的变化,以及不同激发机制下光声脉冲波形的差别,并从实验中得出了脉冲CO2激光光声脉冲频谱特性.结果表明光声波波阵面为球面或柱面,热弹机制激发双极性的光声脉冲,汽化机制激发单极性的光声脉冲,CO2脉冲激光在水中激发的声波频谱峰值主要在100 kHz以下.通过选择光声源的形状和激发机制可以获得所需的光声信号.     

Investigation of crystallographic sites of Eu in La2BaZnO5 by site-selective laser-excitation spectroscopy

La₂BaZnO₅:Eu³⁺ (0.05 mol%) was prepared by a solid-state reaction at high temperature. X-ray powder diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of single phase La₂BaZnO₅. Luminescence properties of La₂BaZnO₅:Eu³⁺ are investigated by site-selective laser-excitation and emission spectroscopy at 18 K. Two different crystallographic sites for Eu³⁺ corresponding to the La³⁺ and Ba²⁺ sites are identified from the ⁷F₀→⁵D₀ excitation spectra obtained by monitoring the ⁵D₀→⁷F_J (J=1, 2, …, 6) emissions. It is found that Eu³⁺ substituted for the Ba²⁺ ion experiences stronger crystal-field strength than Eu³⁺ substituted for the La³⁺ ion. Energy transfer between the two crystallographic Eu³⁺ centers is investigated by luminescence decay curves at 18 K.     

体结构GaAs光导开关实验研究

为解决光导开关耐受场强的提高问题,研制了2种体结构光导开关,并进行了实验研究。两种开关均由半绝缘GaAs材料制成,一种尺寸为10.0 mm×10.0 mm×0.6 mm,电极位于10.0 mm×10.0 mm面上相对位置,电极直径6 mm;另一种尺寸为15.0 mm×15.0 mm×3.0 mm,8 mm直径电极位于15.0 mm×15.0 mm面上相对位置。测试了第1种开关在不同半高宽脉冲加载电压下的击穿电压,结果表明其最大耐受电压达7.6 kV,击穿电场127 kV/cm。对第2种结构测试了开关在直流加载条件下的暗态伏安特性并进行了触发实验,结果表明在15 kV工作电压下,其放电最大电流超过3.5 kA。     

青海产6种凤毛菊属植物微量元素分析比较

为了比较青海产6种凤毛菊属植物微量元素的含量,应用火焰原子吸收光谱法分析了青海产6种凤毛菊属植物中微量元素的含量.结果表明,水母雪莲中钙和锰的含量最高分别为8148.58mg/kg和312.55mg/kg,唐古特雪莲中铁和锌的含量最高达5798.98、46.22mg/kg.重齿凤毛菊中铜的含量最高为6.09mg/kg....     

Monte Carlo simulations of electron dynamics in N2/CO2 mixtures

Motivated by experimental investigations of electrical discharges in N₂/CO₂/H₂O, Monte Carlo (MC) electron dynamics simulations in atmospheric N₂/CO₂ mixtures were performed. The goal was to obtain electron energy distribution functions (EEDFs), mean free path, drift velocity, collision frequency and mean energy of electrons, rate coefficients of electron-impact reactions, ionisation and attachment coefficients, as functions of the reduced electric field strength (E/N) and of the concentration of individual gas components. The results obtained by MC simulations were fitted with polynomials of up to the 3rd order with reasonable accuracy for E/N above 80 Td. The studied parameters below 80 Td were strongly non-linear as functions of E/N. This is mostly due to the influence of elastic collisions of electrons with CO₂ molecules prevailing in CO₂-dominant mixtures for E/N < 40 Td, and vibrational excitation collisions of N₂ species prevailing in N₂-dominant mixtures for E/N from 40 to 80 Td. The effect of these electron-impact processes was specific for each of the studied parameters.