灵长类中风模型的磁共振成像

灵长类大脑在结构、生理、功能及神经学上与人类大脑非常相似. 因此,灵长类中风模型为研究大脑缺血的损伤机制和开发各种药物治疗方法提供了理想的动物模型. 该文介绍了近年来使用的各种灵长类中风模型,并总结了目前可用于该模型的各种磁共振成像（MRI）方法. 同时,还讨论了灵长类动物高分辩弥散张量成像（DTI）和磁共振灌注成像（PWI）的数据采集方法和心跳及呼吸引起的生理运动伪影的矫正方法. 这些方法改进了弥散一灌注失配（DWI－PWI MISMATCH）成像的精度和质量,有助于提高对脑缺血半暗带演化及其对药物治疗反应的精确评估,为更好地利用灵长类脑中风模型和当代磁共振成像技术进行中风机制研究和药物开发建立一个理想的研究平台.     

半导体外延层晶格失配度的计算

比较了晶格失配度的各种定义,建议统一使用同一定义。采用简化模型系统地探讨了各种情况下半导体外延生长层和衬底的二维晶格失配度的计算,最后讨论了结合XRD衍射图谱确定失配度的方法。结果表明,正三角形晶格和长方形晶格匹配,长方形晶格的宽列原子的匹配具有优先性,不受长列原子匹配的影响。长方形的长宽比接近匹配比时,整体匹配较好。     

InP/GaP晶格失配界面的电特性

本文研究了InP/GaP晶格失配界面的电特性。HRTEM图象表明在界面存在90°位错缺陷的应变缓释。ECV表明界面存在高密度载流子层。AFM图象表明本研究中获得了粗糙度为2.48nm的良好InP异质外延层。并对于InP界面给出了一个基于费米能级钉扎的模型来解释观察到的电性质。     

Characterization of cell mismatch in a multi-crystalline silicon photovoltaic module

In this study the causes and effects of cell mismatch were identified in a multi-crystalline silicon photovoltaic module. Different techniques were used to identify the causes of the mismatch, including Electroluminescence (EL) imaging, Infrared (IR) imaging, current–voltage (I–V) characteristics, worst-case cell determination and Large Area Laser Beam Induced Current (LA-LBIC) scans. In EL images the cracked cells, broken fingers and material defects are visible. The presence of poorly contacted cells results in the formation of hot-spots. LA-LBIC line scans give the relative photoresponse of the cells in the module. However, this technique is limited due to the penetration depth of the laser beam. The worst case cell determination compares the I–V curves of the whole module with the I–V curve of the module with one cell covered, allowing the evaluation of the performance of each cell in a series-connected string. These methods allowed detection of the poorly performing cells in the module. Using all these techniques an overall view of the photoresponse in the cells and their performance is obtained.     

Characteristics of noise attenuators for use in acoustic emission studies

The background noise generated by servo-hydraulic machines commonly used in laboratory tests of materials prevents the extraction of the maximum amount of acoustic emission data during fatigue experiments. Some of the solutions for removing background noise during monotonic tests are not applicable, and modern acoustic emission (ae) monitoring systems cannot detect all ae generated in the presence of continuous background noise. The best technique for reducing the background noise appears to be the insertion of a noise attenuating barrier between the noise source and the test specimen.Multilayer sound transmission theory is outlined to show that noise attenuators must be designed for the particular frequency at which the ae system is to operate. The theoretical basis for obtaining (for a given application) the optimum attenuation from attenuators constructed on an acoustic impedance mismatch basis is provided. Finally, physical properties of materials suitable for use in attenuator construction are tabulated.     

导致光聚物全息存储布喇格偏移因素的研究

研究了光聚物高密度全息存储材料在全息记录过程中曝光量、曝光时间、厚度收缩比例、折射率调制度及记录角度等因素对布喇格偏移的影响规律,结果表明:曝光量一定时,布喇格偏移与曝光时间的关系不大,当曝光量不一定时布喇格偏移随曝光时间增加缓慢增加最后达到饱和;而布喇格偏移随厚度收缩比例和折射率调制度的增加以接近正比例的关系增加;记录光栅的倾斜度越大则布喇格偏移也越大.这些结论对光聚物高密度全息存储研究具有重要的意义.     

宽带飞秒脉冲双折射干涉滤波的研究

对宽带飞秒脉冲双折射干涉滤波进行了理论和实验研究。首先给出了一种新型的双折射干涉滤波器的原理和设计，得到了输出滤波光谱强度分布的解析表达式。然后进行了15fs宽带脉冲的干涉滤波的实验研究，实验得到了一组性能良好的透射和反射输出的干涉滤波谱图，实验测量与理论计算基本一致。同时还分析了群速失配以及色散对宽带飞秒脉冲双折射干涉滤波的影响。结果表明这种滤波器对宽带飞秒脉冲有很好的干涉滤波作用，能同时前向透射和侧向反射干涉滤波输出，且无插入功率损耗，可以用来获得波长稳定的多波长可调谐超短脉冲光源。对于飞秒脉冲干涉滤波器的设计和应用具有重要的参考价值。     

A Theoretical Study of the Interaction Between Cytosine and BX<Subscript>3</Subscript> (X = F,Cl) Systems

The B3LYP method of DFT and HF theories of ab initio with 6-311+G^** basis sets were used to predict the geometries of the cytosine-BX₃ (X,=F, Cl) complex systems. Four conformers were obtained with no imaginary frequencies, respectively. The binding energies, enthalpies and Gibbs energies of cytosine-BX₃ have been obtained. The analyses of the combinations between cytosine and BX₃ using the natural bond orbital (NBO) method and thermodynamics indicate that the complexes (a) and (e), which depend on the proton affinities of the oxygen on the cytosine and boron in BX₃, are the most stable ones with their combination energies of −234.21 and −228.23 kJ.mol⁻¹ (B3LYP method, BSSE corrected). Based on the calculation results, a reasonable method was employed to calculate the change in the enthalpies and Gibbs energies to form eight complexes in the gaseous state at 298.15K and 101.325 kPa. It can be shown that the conformers (a) and (e) are the most stable and form readily.     

New compounds via Mannich reaction of cytosine, paraformaldehyde and cyclic secondary amines

The Mannich reaction of cytosine, paraformaldehyde and cyclic secondary amines in the presence of acetic acid gives 5-(4′-morpholinyl)methylcytosine, 5-(1′-piperidinyl)methylcytosine, 5-(1′-pyrrolidinyl)methylcytosine, 5-(4′-methyl-1′-piperidinyl)methylcytosine, 5-(3′-methyl-1′-piperidinyl)methylcytosine and 5-(2′-methyl-1′-piperidinyl)methylcytosine. These products are quite different from those obtained via cytosine aminomethylation previously described in the literature.     

半波片角度失配对通道调制型偏振成像效果的影响及补偿

通道调制型偏振成像系统能够实时地对目标进行全偏振成像,是当前偏振成像领域的研究热点之一.基于萨瓦板的通道调制型偏振仪中半波片的光轴方向对成像结果的准确性有较大的影响.本文分析了半波片失配角的大小对探测器采集到的光强分布的影响,得到了二者之间的表达式,根据该表达式提出通过测量半波片失配角对系统进行定标并利用测得的半波片失配角对偏振成像的解调结果进行修正和补偿的方法.计算机仿真结果显示失配角为0.5?时,S1,S2和S3的解调结果准确度在经过修正补偿后分别提高了0.06%,3.49%和3.49%.表明该方法能够较好地对解调出的偏振斯托克斯参数图像进行补偿,得到更精确的成像结果,对提高通道调制型偏振成像的质量具有重要的意义.