Weight distributions of a class of cyclic codes with arbitrary number of nonzeros in quadratic case

Cyclic codes are an important class of linear codes, whose weight distribution have been extensively studied. So far, most of previous results obtained were for cyclic codes with no more than three nonzeros. Recently, the authors of [37] constructed a class of cyclic codes with arbitrary number of nonzeros, and computed the weight distribution for several cases. In this paper, we determine the weight distribution for a new family of such codes. This is achieved by introducing certain new methods, such as the theory of Jacobi sums over finite fields and subtle treatment of some complicated combinatorial identities.     

Solvent free synthesis,characterization, DFT,cyclic voltammetry and biological assay of Cu(II), Hg(II) and UO2(II) – Schiff base complexes

A series of metal ion complexes was prepared in solid state from Cu(II), Hg(II) and UO₂(II) ions with 3-oxo-3-(2-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)hydrazineyl)-N-phenylpropanamide (H₃L) ligand through solvent free synthesis methodology. The chemical formulae of the new compounds were estimated according to variable spectral and analytical investigations. The ligand exhibited a neutral or mononegative tetradentate mode of coordination towards the central ions inside the octahedral arrangement that proposed for the three complexes. The DFT/B3LYP method was applied under different basis sets (6-31G*or SDD) to optimize the structures of new compounds except the UO₂(II) complex. The computational data were investigated to verify the binding mode that suggested spectrally. Moreover, studies in solution regarding Cu(II) ion via cyclic voltammetry were performed in absence or presence of H₃L, to realize the significant effect of complex formation on the electrochemical manners of copper. The shifts in the potential peaks accompanied by the changes in the values of parameters correspond to kinetic and thermodynamic. Also, the solvation and kinetic characteristics for the cathodic and anodic potential of Cu(II) ion in absence or presence of H₃L at different scan rates, were estimated. Finally, the ligand and copper ion exhibited high affinity towards complexation in solution. Furthermore, the activity of the new compounds towards inhibiting microbes was studied against Staphylococcus aureus (G+) and Escherichia coli (G-) bacteria as well as Candida albicans (fungus) by determining the inhibition zone diameter. Also, both the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of the isolated compounds were evaluated. Commonly, a remarkable antimicrobial and anticancer activity was appeared with UO₂(II) complex and the ligand. While, the antioxidant activity of all compounds appeared lower.     

A Self‐contained Two‐electrode Nanosensor for Electrochemical Analysis in Aqueous Microenvironments

We describe the development, fabrication, and characterization of a novel two‐electrode nanosensor contained within the tip of a needle‐like probe. This sensor consists of two, vertically aligned, carbon structures which function as individual electrodes. One of the carbon structures was modified by silver electrodeposition and chlorination to enable it to function as a pseudo‐reference electrode. Performance of this pseudo‐reference electrode was found to be comparable to that of commercially available Ag/AgCl reference electrodes. The unmodified carbon structure was employed as a working electrode versus the silver‐plated carbon structure to form a two‐electrode sensor capable of characterizing redox‐active analytes. The nanosensor was demonstrated to be capable of electrochemically characterizing the redox behavior of para‐aminophenol (PAP) in both bulk solutions and microenvironments. PAP was also measured in cell lysate to show that the nanosensor can detect small concentrations of analyte in heterogenous environments. As the working and reference electrodes are contained within a single nanoprobe, there was no requirement to position external electrodes within the electrochemical cell enabling analysis within very small domains. Due to the low‐cost manufacturing process, this nanoprobe has the potential to become a unique and widely accessible tool for the electrochemical characterization of microenvironments.     

Ultrasonically assisted synthesis of barium stannate incorporated graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposite and its analytical performance in electrochemical sensing of 4-nitrophenol

We describe the ultrasonic assisted preparation of barium stannate-graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposite (BSO-gCN) by a simple method and its application in electrochemical detection of 4-nitrophenol via electro-oxidation. A bath type ultrasonic cleaner with ultrasonic power and ultrasonic frequency of 100 W and 50 Hz, respectively, was used for the synthesis of BSO-gCN nanocomposite material. The prepared BSO-gCN nanocomposite was characterized by employing several spectroscopic and microscopic techniques such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, fourier transform infra-red, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy, to unravel the structural and electronic features of the prepared nanocomposite. The BSO-gCN was drop-casted on a pre-treated glassy carbon electrode (GCE), and their sensor electrode was utilized for electrochemical sensing of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). The BSO-gCN modified GCE exhibited better electrochemical sensing behavior than the bare GCE and other investigated electrodes. The electroanalytical parameters such as charge transfer coefficient (α = 0.5), the rate constant for electron transfer (k_s = 1.16 s⁻¹) and number of electron transferred were calculated. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) exhibited increase in peak current linearly with 4-NP concentration in the range between 1.6 and 50 μM. The lowest detection limit (LoD) was calculated to be 1 μM and sensitivity of 0.81 μA μM⁻¹ cm⁻²_. A 100-fold excess of various ions, such as Ca²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, I⁻, CO₃²⁻, NO₃, NH₄⁺ and SO₄²⁻ did not able to interfere with the determination of 4-NP and high sensitivity for detecting 4-NP in real samples was achieved. This newly developed BSO-gCN could be a potential candidate for electrochemical sensor applications.     

The use of ethylene glycol solution as the running buffer for highly efficient microchip-based electrophoresis in unmodified cyclic olefin copolymer microchips

An ethylene glycol solution was used as the electrophoretic running buffer in unmodified cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) microchips to minimize the interactions between the analytes and the hydrophobic walls of the plastic microchannels, enhance the resolution of the analytes and eliminate the uncontrollable dispersion caused by uneven liquid levels and non-uniform surfaces of the separation channels. Five amino acids that were labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) were used as model analytes to examine the separation efficiency. The effects of ethylene glycol concentration, pH and sodium tetraborate concentration were systematically investigated. The five FITC-labeled amino acids were effectively resolved using a COC microchip with an effective length of 2.5 cm under optimum conditions, which included using a running buffer of 20 mmol/L sodium tetraborate in ethylene glycol:water (80:20, v/v), pH 6.7. A theoretical plate number of 4.8 × 10(5)/m was obtained for aspartic acid. The system exhibited good repeatability, and the relative standard deviations (n=5) of the peak areas and migration times were no more than 3.4% and 0.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the system was successfully applied to elucidate these five amino acids in human saliva.     

Dirichlet空间上的超循环复合算子

设Bn是复平面C中的单位圆盘(n=1)或复空间Cn中的单位球.众所周知,在Hardy空间上存在丰富的符号在Aut(Bn)中的超循环复合算子.然而,在复平面中单位圆盘上的Dirichlet空间中, 任何复合算子都不能是超循环的.本文则证明,当n>1时,Bn上的Dirichlet空间中确有超循环复合算子.     

长程差分吸收光谱技术气体浓度反演误差的定量估计

长程差分吸收光谱法(LP-DOAS)是基于最小二乘原理来反演大气痕量气体浓度的。LP-DOAS能对痕量气体进行高灵敏的测量,但是还没有统计的方法定量确定LP-DOAS反演误差。痕量气体的吸收通常很弱,外来影响因素决定了检测限和测量精度,其被误当做真正的吸收,增加了没有统计特性的噪声到残差中,导致最小二乘拟合误差(err(LSQ))有一个明显的误估计。研究采用蒙特卡罗方法,通过残差的循环移位定量确定差分吸收光谱法反演气体浓度的误差。实验结果表明,蒙特卡罗方法可以定量估计差分吸收光谱法反演误差,误估计因子为1.13,而err(LSQ)为3.12。     

Optimum covariate designs in a binary proper equi-replicate block design set-up

The choice of covariates values for a given block design attaining minimum variance for estimation of each of the regression parameters of the model has attracted attention in recent times. In this article, we consider the problem of finding the optimum covariate design (OCD) for the estimation of covariate parameters in a binary proper equi-replicate block (BPEB) design model with covariates, which cover a large class of designs in common use. The construction of optimum designs is based mainly on Hadamard matrices.     

Electrochemical, morphological and microstructural characterization of carbon film resistor electrodes for application in electrochemical sensors

The electrochemical and microstructural properties of carbon film electrodes made from carbon film electrical resistors of 1.5, 15, 140 Ω and 2.0 kΩ nominal resistance have been investigated before and after electrochemical pre-treatment at +0.9 V vs SCE, in order to assess the potential use of these carbon film electrodes as electrochemical sensors and as substrates for sensors and biosensors. The results obtained are compared with those at electrodes made from previously investigated 2 Ω carbon film resistors. Cyclic voltammetry was performed in acetate buffer and phosphate buffer saline electrolytes and the kinetic parameters of the model redox system Fe(CN)₆^3−/4− obtained. The 1.5 Ω resistor electrodes show the best properties for sensor development with wide potential windows, similar electrochemical behaviour to those of 2 Ω and close-to-reversible kinetic parameters after electrochemical pre-treatment. The 15 and 140 Ω resistor electrodes show wide potential windows although with slower kinetics, whereas the 2.0 kΩ resistor electrodes show poor cyclic voltammetric profiles even after pre-treatment. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy related these findings to the interfacial properties of the electrodes. Microstructural and morphological studies were carried out using contact mode Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Confocal Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. AFM showed more homogeneity of the films with lower nominal resistances, related to better electrochemical characteristics. X-ray diffraction and Confocal Raman spectroscopy indicate the existence of a graphitic structure in the carbon films.     

Electrochemical methods for analysing and controlling charge transfer at the electrode–tissue interface

There have been rapid advances in the development of new materials for use in electrode–tissue interfacing. The development of conducting polymers, conducting hydrogels, carbon nanotubes, graphene and other conducting materials has provided a rich landscape for controlling charge transfer at the electrode–tissue interface and hence to monitor and manipulate cell behaviour. These materials have been used in tissue-engineered constructs to direct and control cell proliferation, growth and differentiation. However, their translation to clinical devices has been less successful. In this review, the use of electroanalytical techniques to develop an understanding of charge transfer at the electrode–tissue interface is discussed. In particular, the impact of solution and electrode conditions on charge injection capacity is demonstrated. The importance of standardised testing methods and the correlation of electrochemical and electrophysiological performance show the limitations of empirical studies and help define key electrode properties for clinical devices. The development of a sound theoretical basis for charge transfer at this increasingly important interface is being advocated to improve clinical outcomes and device lifetime and reduce power usage.