核酸修饰的金纳米粒子用于分光光度法检测卡那霉素

建立了一种基于核酸修饰的金纳米粒子(Au NPs)检测卡那霉素的方法。该方法利用卡那霉素与适配体的特异性结合,游离适配体的部分互补序列,诱导核酸修饰的Au NPs聚集。通过对实验条件进行优化,结果表明在25℃条件下,适配体与其部分互补序列杂交摩尔比为1:1,与目标卡那霉素的作用时间1 h,加入核酸修饰的Au NPs反应2 h时,该方法的线性检测范围为6.3~43.8 nmol/L,检测限为5.3 nmol/L。将该方法应用于牛奶样品中卡那霉素的检测,回收率在95.1%~104.6%之间。     

核酸适配体生物传感器在三聚氰胺检测中的应用进展

三聚氰胺常被非法添加到食品中,以提高食品中蛋白质的含量。但是,三聚氰胺一旦进入体内,会对人们的健康造成伤害。因此,对三聚氰胺的检测十分必要。为了弥补传统仪器检测法和免疫检测法的不足,基于核酸适配体开发了一系列新的生物传感器,用于三聚氰胺的检测。按照与三聚氰胺的不同识别机制,把这些新的生物传感器分成了四类,分别为基于多聚胸腺嘧啶DNA链和三聚氰胺识别的生物传感器、基于无嘌呤位点的三链DNA结构和三聚氰胺识别的生物传感器、基于核酸适配体和三聚氰胺识别的生物传感器、基于三聚氰胺和汞离子/铜离子等配位识别的生物传感器。本文按照上述四类方法逐个展开,对核酸适配体生物传感器在三聚氰胺检测中的应用进行了综述,并对它们的优缺点进行阐述。     

Resonance Scattering Detection of Trace Hg2+ Using Aptamer‐modified AuPd Nanoalloy Probe as Catalyst

The 5 nm AuPd nanoalloy in mole ratio of Au:Pd=32:1 was prepared, using sodium citrate as the stabilizing agent and NaBH₄ as the reductant. The AuPd nanoalloy was modified by the aptamer to prepare an aptamer‐ AuPd (AptAuPd) probe for resonance scattering (RS) detection of 5.0–1250 nmol/L Hg²⁺. The AptAuPd‐Hg²⁺ aptamer reaction solution was filtrated by membrane, and the AptAuPd in the filtrate exhibited strong catalytic effect on the slow NiP particle reaction between NiCl₂ and NaH₂PO₂, and the NiP particles showed a RS peak at 508 nm. The RS intensity decreased when Hg²⁺ concentration increased. The decreased RS intensity was linear to Hg²⁺ concentration in the range of 0.5–1250 nmol/L. The RS assays were used to determine Hg²⁺ in real samples, with good results.     

高灵敏选择性检测凝血酶的适体纳米银共振散射光谱探针

采用四氢硼钠制备了较稳定的纳米银,并用凝血酶(TB)适体修饰纳米银制各了识别凝血酶的适体纳米银探针.在pH 7.0的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液及KCl存在下,适体纳米银探针与凝血酶特异结合生成G-四分体和纳米银聚集体,导致体系在480 nm处的共振散射峰增强.随着凝血酶浓度的增大,生成的纳米银聚集体越多,共振散射强度线性...     

基于核酸适配体的微流控芯片酶反应器用于蛋白质的分析

将核酸适配体作为胰蛋白酶固定化介质,制备了一种新型的微流控芯片酶反应器,并与高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用,搭建了在线分析平台;分别使用标准蛋白及混合蛋白样品对芯片的酶解效率及联用平台的分析能力进行了初步评价。结果表明,5 ng肌红蛋白经该平台分析后肽段覆盖率可达到37%;对500 ng混合蛋白进行3次平行分析,肽段覆盖率及相对标准偏差分别为44.3%、6.5%(牛血清白蛋白), 65.0%、2.7%(肌红蛋白)和62.0%、5.6%(细胞色素c);初步实验表明,该在线分析平台具有检测灵敏度高、重现性好、酶解效率高的特点,有望在蛋白质组学分析中发挥重要作用。     

Structural and Binding Effects of Chemical Modifications on Thrombin Binding Aptamer (TBA)

The thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) is a promising nucleic acid-based anticoagulant. We studied the effects of chemical modifications, such as dendrimer Trebler and NHS carboxy group, on TBA with respect to its structures and thrombin binding affinity. The two dendrimer modifications were incorporated into the TBA at the 5′ end and the NHS carboxy group was added into the thymine residues in the thrombin binding site of the TBA G-quadruplex (at T4, T13 and both T4/T13) using solid phase oligonucleotide synthesis. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy confirmed that all of these modified TBA variants fold into a stable G-quadruplex. The binding affinity of TBA variants with thrombin was measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The binding patterns and equilibrium dissociation constants (K_D) of the modified TBAs are very similar to that of the native TBA. Molecular dynamics simulations studies indicate that the additional interactions or stability enhancement introduced by the modifications are minimized either by the disruption of TBA–thrombin interactions or destabilization elsewhere in the aptamer, providing a rational explanation for our experimental data. Overall, this study identifies potential positions on the TBA that can be modified without adversely affecting its structure and thrombin binding preference, which could be useful in the design and development of more functional TBA analogues.     

Determination of Tetracycline in Water and Honey by Iron(II,III)/Aptamer-Based Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis

A novel aptamer-based adsorbent was prepared for the magnetic solid-phase extraction of tetracycline. The Fe₃O₄/aptamer adsorbent was fabricated by immobilizing an aptamer on the surface of Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles by the reaction between avidin and biotin. The parameters affecting the isolation efficiency such as the pH, extraction time, extraction temperature, eluent, and elution time were investigated in detail. Under the optimal conditions, a linear relationship between the peak area and the concentration of tetracycline was observed in the range from 10.0 to 3000.0?µg L^?1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9985 and a limit of detection of 2.5?µg L^?1. The developed method was successfully employed for the determination of tetracycline in honey and water samples with recovery values from 82.9 to 107.3% and relative standard deviations less than 7.6%. Compared with previously reported methods for the determination of tetracycline, the proposed protocol provides improvements in the limit of detection and specificity with reduced consumption of adsorbent and organic solvents.     

Recent Advances in Micro/Nanomaterial-Based Aptamer Selection Strategies

Aptamers are artificial nucleic acid ligands that have been employed in various fundamental studies and applications, such as biological analyses, disease diagnostics, targeted therapeutics, and environmental pollutant detection. This review focuses on the recent advances in aptamer discovery strategies that have been used to detect various chemicals and biomolecules. Recent examples of the strategies discussed here are based on the classification of these micro/nanomaterial-mediated systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) platforms into three categories: bead-mediated, carbon-based nanomaterial-mediated, and other nanoparticle-mediated strategies. In addition to describing the advantages and limitations of the aforementioned strategies, this review discusses potential strategies to develop high-performance aptamers.     

核酸适体与互补核酸和目标蛋白之间竞争结合的热力学特性研究

以一种基于目标蛋白凝血酶的取代反应来研究核酸适体与互补核酸和核酸适体与目标蛋白之间竞争结合的热力学特性, 研究了核酸适体-互补核酸的解离反应和在目标蛋白存在下取代反应的平衡常数、标准焓变和标准熵变等热力学参数, 结果表明该取代反应是一个熵驱动的自发过程, 熵驱动从双链的核酸转变为核酸适体-目标蛋白的复合物. 该热力学研究会对核酸适体-互补核酸和核酸适体-凝血酶之间的结合过程的机理有一个更深的理解, 将有助于进一步揭示核酸与蛋白这两种生命中最关键物质之间的相互作用和关系, 为更好地理解基本的生物过程和预测设计适体生物传感器, 发展用于疾病诊断的方法有着重要的意义.     

适配体传感器检测凝血酶的研究进展

适配体是通过指数富集配体系统进化技术(SELEX)筛选得到的,能与多种目标物质高特异性、高选择性结合的寡核苷酸序列.适配体因合成简单、稳定性高、设计多样化、修饰方便、成本低等优点被用作为识别探针,并与不同的转导技术相结合,构建了多种类型的适配体传感器,并借助纳米材料独特的光、电特性,提高适配体传感器的性能.凝血酶是一种...