分子自组装膜表面滴膜共存冷凝传热的研究

本文以不同处理工艺制备十八烷基硫醇自组装膜,研究制备的表面上蒸气冷凝传热过程.结果表明不同的成膜温度,可以实现膜表面上水蒸气冷凝形态从膜状到滴状的过渡.并研究了该表面上滴膜共存状态下的冷凝传热特性,表明过渡状冷凝传热随固液自由能差渐进变化的实质是冷凝形态的渐进变化,表面上冷凝液运动形态的不同也将导致传热性能的改变,并对自组装膜表面上的冷凝传热系数可能随操作时间的增加而回升的现象进行了分析.     

饱和水蒸汽凝结对高炉煤气透平性能影响的研究

1前言高炉煤气透平（简称TRT）是冶金行业中的一项重大节能设备。国外较早研制此产品的国家有前苏联、法国、日本等。1967年，法国、瑞士、比利时合作研制TRT，他们采用向心透平，由于叶片表面积灰严重，无法正常运行。1969年，法国的索弗莱公司采用轴流式透平，用向透平喷水的办法解决了积灰堵塞问题。此后，日本引进索弗莱公司的专利，并加以改进，使TRT在日本各钢厂普遍应用。我国是80年代初开始这方面研制工作的，设计出的湿式TRT已在酒钢、武钢、唐钢等成功地运行。对高炉煤气透平，由于工质为煤气一饱和水蒸汽一雾状水滴一煤灰的…     

水蒸气滴状冷凝过程的可视化实验研究

本文通过建立水蒸气滴状冷凝过程的可视化实验装置,采用高速摄像仪对蒸汽在铜基网格状高分子聚合物络合膜表面上发生的滴状冷凝过程进行了观测。我们发现液滴的大小按照等比数列的形式排列,比例系数为1.25。这一发现与Rose关于液滴生长和尺寸分布的假说相吻合,并且从实验事实的中得出了两个重要参数,γ和p,的值分别为1.25 和0.072,这与最新的理论计算值十分接近。     

费米原子对的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚

通过磁场可以用原子散射的Feshbach共振来调节原子间的相互作用，使之成为排斥或吸引，以及改变作用的强度，运用这个方法可以使费米原子形成分子，也可以在多体作用下形成费米原子配对，在温度够低的条件下可以得到分子的BEC以及原子配对的凝聚体，这些现象在实验室中的实现是2004年物理学的重要成就之一，本文对此给予简短的评述。     

含湿天然气超音速凝结研究

在气液无滑移假设下建立了天然气超音速凝结数理模型,研究了天然气中水蒸气的超音速凝结过程,并分析了Laval喷管扩张段半扩张角对凝结的影响.结果表明凝结模型是合理的,液滴成核只发生在喷管喉部后非常狭窄的区域,此后水滴的生长变得非常缓慢,直至喷管出口不再发生显著的增加;喷管半扩张角的大小对液滴的成核、生长有显著影响,成核位置随半扩张角的增加略向上游移动;喷管扩张段0.16°半扩张角在总压损失、出口马赫数、出口液滴尺寸等方面具有最佳的综合效果.     

水蒸气在垂直钛板表面的冷凝传热特性

对水蒸气在垂直钛板表面的冷凝传热特性进行了可视化实验研究。实验结果表明,蒸汽在钛表面为液滴和沟流状液膜共存的混合冷凝形式。随着表面过冷度的增大,滴状区所占的面积比η逐渐减小,且液滴的脱落直径逐渐增大,导致表面的冷凝传热系数随之下降。η值大于50%时,冷凝传热系数随滴状区所占面积比的减小而陡降,滴状区面积小于膜状区后,η值对冷凝表面传热性能的影响较小。     

Mid-infrared carbon dioxide sensor with wireless and anti-condensation capability for use in greenhouses

A mid-infrared carbon dioxide sensor with wireless and anti-condensation capability was experimentally demonstrated for greenhouse application. The sensor included an optical module integrated in a multi-pass gas chamber using the dual-channel detection method to suppress environmental noise. Considering the condensation phenomenon in the greenhouse, the optical chamber was protected with a breathable waterproof coverage. The field test demonstrated that the internal optical framework was kept in stable relative humidity, ensuring the sensor’s applicability in the greenhouse. For wireless communication, received signal strength indication was used to ensure the reliability of link quality and enable smart power regulation. In related experiments, there was a satisfying performance in terms of stability and error detection within the measurement range of 30???5000?ppm. Without increasing the integral time, the limit of detection of the sensor was at least 30?ppm, which was acceptable for greenhouse application. A field test was carried out in Town Shelin of Jilin Province, China and the test showed the proposed sensor had relatively good prospect for application in fine agriculture.     

Ripples and grain formation in GaAs surfaces exposed to ultrashort laser pulses

The damage morphology of GaAs1 0 0 single crystal following femtosecond laser (wavelength 806 nm, pulse duration 110 fs, prf 10 Hz) excitation was studied as a function of laser fluence and number of pulses. The threshold value for damage to occur in a GaAs surface in the present experiment was 1.3×10¹⁴ W/cm² for a single pulse. The cooling rate for threshold fluence was calculated as 2.22×10¹⁴ °C/s. The damage occurred in the form of surface removal. Ripples and grains were formed in the removed surface. At higher fluences micron depth pits were also formed. The damage morphology was explained with the help of Boson-condensation hypothesis.     

Application of Solid-State C NMR Spectroscopy and Dipolar Dephasing Technique to Determine the Extent of Condensation in Technical Lignins

Solid-state ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and dipolar dephasing technique was used to determine the extent of condensation in various technical lignins. The accuracy of dipolar dephasing method was first investigated with the aid of some lignin model compounds and two various methods to determine the degree of condensation were compared. On the basis of the model compound experiments both methods based on dipolar dephasing technique can be applied to investigate the extent of condensation in lignin. The lignin results indicate that technical softwood lignins, as well as enzymatically isolated wood lignin, are more condensed than milled wood lignin, which is generally assumed to represent native lignin. Residual lignins isolated after oxygen delignification and peroxide bleaching stages were found more condensed than residual lignin in unbleached pulps. In studies of the spent liquor lignins of flow-through kraft pulping the extent of condensation was found to increase as the cooking proceeded.     

White-light Detection for Nanoparticle Sizing with the TSI Ultrafine Condensation Particle Counter

Several of the most common methods for measuring nanoparticle size distributions employ the ultrafine condensation particle counter (UCPC) for detection purposes. Among these methods, the pulse height analysis (PHA) technique, in which the optical response of the UCPC detector is related to initial particle diameter in the 3–10nm range, prevails in applications where fast sampling is required or for which concentrations of nanoparticles are frequently very low. With the PHA technique, white light is required for particle illumination in order to obtain a monotonic relationship between initial particle diameter and optical response (pulse height). However, the popular, commercially available TSI Model 3025A UCPC employs a laser for particle detection. Here, we report on a novel white-light detection system developed for the 3025A UCPC that involves minimal alteration to the instrument and preserves normal counting operation. Performance is illustrated with pulse height spectra produced by differential mobility analyzer (DMA) – generated calibration aerosols in the 3–50nm range.