Effects of incorporation of modified silica nanoparticles on the mechanical and thermal properties of PMMA

Silica nanoparticles of various sizes have been incorporated by melt compounding in a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix to enhance its thermal and mechanical properties. In order to improve nanoparticles dispersion, PMMA grafted particles have been prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from well-defined silica nanoparticles. This strategy was expected to ensure compatibility between both components of the PMMA nanocomposites. TEM analysis have been performed to evaluate the nanosilica dispersion whereas modified and non-modified silica/PMMA nanocomposites thermal stability and mechanical properties have been investigated by both thermogravimetric and dynamical mechanical analysis.     

Chiral separation on achiral stationary phases with different functionalities using β-cyclodextrin in the mobile phase and application to bioanalysis and coupled columns

Summary -cyclodextrin was used in the mobile phase as chiral selector for separating the enantiomers of terbutaline, chlorthalidone and oxazepam. The effect on chiral resolution using e.g. hydrophobic, polar or cation exchanging stationary phases was investigated. Both the chiral separation factor and retention level were affected by the concentration of methanol and -cyclodextrin. The stationary phase had no effect on the chiral separation only on the level of retention. By tuning the concentration of -cyclodextrin and methanol in the mobile phase chiral separation could be obtained on most stationary phases. By changing the stationary phase while adjusting the mobile phase composition to maintain the chiral selectivity, improvements of the selectivity towards e.g. endogenous compounds can be obtained when separating enantiomers in complex matrixes as biological fluids. Further improvement on selectivity can be obtained if coupled columns are used. This is examplified for separation of chlorthalidone and terbutaline enantiomers in biological fluids by coupling an achiral column to another achiral column and using a mobile phase containing -cyclodextrin on the last column.     

双功能MoNi4电极实现水参与的氮杂环化合物转移氢化与脱氢

氮杂环的催化氢化在有机合成、药物研发、石油化工等领域有着重要应用.尽管发展了一系列均相和非均相催化加氢体系,但由于通常使用易燃易爆的氢气或价格昂贵且毒性较高的试剂(如:水合肼和硼氢化钠)为氢源,给安全生产及生态环境带来了严重的问题.此外,由于动力学同位素效应,氘代药物具有重要应用.氮杂环结构作为生物医药的构筑单元与关键中间体,现有的策略由于没有合适的氘源难以用于氘代氮杂环化合物的合成.因此,急需开发一种基于非贵金属催化剂和安全易得氢(氘)源的氮杂环催化氢(氘)化策略.水相中的电化学氢化可利用水电解原位产生的活性氢替代传统的氢气裂解实现有机氢化产物的合成,已成为一种理想氢化策略,被广泛应用于二氧化碳还原、硝酸根还原和生物质氢解等.本课题组前期研究已经实现了以氘水为氘源的氘代分子的高效电化学合成(Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,2020,59,18527–18531;Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,2020,59,21170–21175;CCS Chem.,2021,3,507–515).然而,要开发一种电化学的杂环氢化方法,一方面要克服氮杂环化合物对催化剂的毒化,另一方面要在电极表面产生大量的活性氢.因此,开发具有较好的水离解性能的非贵金属电极材料是实现氮杂芳烃电化学氢化和氘代的关键.基于上述要求,MoNi4(目前用于碱性电催化水分解制氢的活性较高的非贵金属材料)成为理想的电极材料.本文以喹喔啉(1,2,3,4-四氢喹喔啉骨架作为重要的结构单元存在于许多生物活性化合物中)作为模板底物,设计并制备了三维自支撑的MoNi4多孔纳米片为双功能电极,以水和氘水为氢源和氘源,实现了喹喔啉及其他氮杂环分子的氢化与氢化,同时实现了四氢喹喔啉的电化学氧化脱氢.制备了MoNi4纳米片阵列,利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射和X光电子能谱等手段进行表征,评估了其在碱性电解液中用于喹喔啉电化学转移氢化的性能.结果表明,MoNi4电极加速了动力学缓慢的Volmer步骤,在仅50 mV的过电势下以80％的法拉第效率实现了喹喔啉的电化学氢化.电子顺磁共振等证实水电解生成了H*,并与喹喔啉自由基阴离子偶联实现喹喔啉的氢化.同时,该电化学转移氢化方法可很好地应用于一系列喹喔啉衍生物和其他氮杂芳烃化合物.克级合成体现了该电化学转移氢化方法的潜在应用性.原位拉曼实验结果表明,在MoNi4表面形成的NiOOH是实现1,2,3,4-四氢喹喔啉氧化脱氢的重要物种.此外,以D2O代替H2O,可以较好的收率和高达99％的氘化率实现氘代氮杂环的合成.与传统的氮杂环氢化方法相比,本文的电化学转移氢化策略具有绿色、温和、高效的特点,同时拓宽了电化学氢化在合成化学中的应用.     

基于常温无外压的转移印刷技术构筑半球状多级Ag基底

基于自组装技术制备了3种不同粒径的聚苯乙烯微球阵列,并翻制了与微球阵列互补的软模板.基于室温无外压的转移印刷技术制备了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯半球形微纳阵列,然后基于原位光还原技术在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯半球表面制备Ag纳米颗粒,构筑了拉曼增强的半球状多级Ag基底.转移印刷技术的关键是利用软模板自身的低表面能和表面羟基化的图案化材料与亲水基底界面间的氢键作用力.     

吡啶基桥联双四唑钌(Ⅱ)配合物催化酮的转移氢化反应（英文）

含氮配体具有稳定性好、易于合成等优点,而且其过渡金属配合物表现出较高的催化活性,因而在配位化学和均相催化等研究领域受到了广泛关注.基于吡啶骨架的三齿NNN配体具有良好的配位能力和丰富的配位模式,如吡啶桥联的对称配体2,2':6',2'-三吡啶、2,6-双噁唑啉基吡啶、2,6-双亚胺基吡啶和2,6-双吡唑基吡啶等在有机合成及配合物催化剂制备等方面得到广泛应用.2,6-双四唑基吡啶也是基于吡啶的多齿配体,已被用于合成发光材料或高效回收次锕系元素等,但是其在催化领域的应用较少.过渡金属催化的不饱和化合物的转移氢化反应具有反应条件温和、不直接使用氢气等优点,因而受到越来越多的关注.一系列优异的配体及配合物在转移氢化反应中脱颖而出,如对甲苯磺酰手性二胺配体、2-甲胺基吡啶钌配合物、配体中含有NH官能团的过渡金属配合物等.我们也报道了几种吡啶基桥联的含氮配体及其钌配合物,并应用于催化酮的转移氢化反应.在此基础上,本文合成了三种连有不同膦配体的2,6-双四唑基吡啶钌配合物,并用于催化酮的转移氢化反应.从N~2,N~6-二对甲苯基-2,6-吡啶二甲酰胺(1)出发,经氯代/环化两步反应合成4-氯吡啶基桥联双四唑化合物(2),配体2与RuCl_2(PPh_3)_3在对应的反应条件下制得三种连有不同膦配体的2,6-双四唑基吡啶钌配合物(3),其分子结构通过核磁共振波谱和X射线单晶晶体结构测定得到确认.将这三种钌配合物应用于催化酮的转移氢化反应,当催化剂用量为0.5 mol%时,在异丙醇回流条件下,比较连有不同膦配体的2,6-双四唑基吡啶钌配合物的催化活性.膦配体为1,4-双(二苯基膦)丁烷的钌配合物3b表现出更高的催化活性,含有双三苯基膦的钌配合物3a则表现出与3b相当或略低的催化活性,含有1,5-双(二苯基膦)戊烷的钌配合物3c活性最差.以3b为催化剂拓展了一系列酮底物,取代的芳香酮、链状和环状的脂肪酮都可以高效地被还原,大部分酮底物以95%的转化率还原成相应的醇.含有氯取代基的苯乙酮对反应有较大的加速作用,反应时间更短,转化率更高.由于羰基环的张力,1-四氢萘酮与9-芴酮转化率略低.结合实验结果与相关文献,提出了一条基于Ru-H活性中间体的内层反应机理:钌配合物在iPrOK作用下生成Ru(Ⅱ)-烷氧基中间体Ⅰ,随后发生β-H消除反应脱去一分子丙酮得到Ru-H配合物,Ru-H配合物与酮底物作用经过渡态Ⅱ生成另一分子Ru(Ⅱ)-烷氧基中间体Ⅲ,随后异丙醇与烷氧基发生交换生成目标产物,同时生成中间体Ⅰ完成催化循环.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定柑桔类水果及果皮中多种微量元素

采用HNO_3-HClO_4体系湿法消解样品,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪同时测定了柑桔类水果及果皮中Al、B、Ba、Ca、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Na、Sr、Zn 12种微量元素的含量。分析结果的相对标准偏差0.35%~3.26%,加标回收率85.5%~107.0%,该法简单、快速、可靠、灵敏度高。实验表明,大部分柑桔类水果果皮中微量元素含量高于其果肉中含量。柚子内皮和外皮中微量元素含量有少许差异,柚子外皮中的K、Ca、Mg含量最高,而柚子内皮中Fe、Na的含量较高。该结果为有效利用柑桔类水果果皮的药用功效提供了定量参考依据。     

A mild and efficient rhenium-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of terminal olefins using alcoholysis of amine-borane adducts as a reducing system

[ReBr₂(NO)(CH₃CN)(PTA)₂] (PTA = 1, 3, 5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) catalyzes the alcoholysis of ammonia-borane and amine-boranes and the catalytic transfer hydrogenations of various terminal olefins. Excellent yields were achieved at 70 °C in isopropanol using tBuOK as a co-catalyst affording TOF values up to 396 h⁻¹.     

A comparative study of calibration transfer methods for determination of gasoline quality parameters in three different near infrared spectrometers

This work presents a comparative study of calibration transfer among three near infrared spectrometers for determination of naphthenes and RON (Research Octane Number) in gasoline. Seven transfer methods are compared: direct standardization (DS), piecewise direct standardization (PDS), orthogonal signal correction (OSC), reverse standardization (RS), piecewise reverse standardization (PRS), slope and bias correction (SBC) and model updating (MU). Two pre-treatment procedures, namely standard normal variate (SNV) and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), are also investigated. The choice of an appropriate number of transfer samples for each technique, as well as the effect of window size in PDS/PRS and OSC components, are discussed. A broad set of gasoline samples representative of the Northeastern states of Brazil is employed in the investigation. The results show that the use of calibration transfer yields prediction errors comparable to those obtained with complete recalibration of the secondary instrument. Overall, the results point to RS as the best method for the analytical problem under consideration. When storage and/or physical transportation of transfer samples are impractical, MU is more appropriate. The comprehensive investigation carried out in the present work will be of value for practitioners involved in networks of fuel monitoring.     

电荷转移对纳米金属吸附分子拉曼光谱影响

在金,银纳米粒子表面修饰对巯基苯胺(PATP)分子,对其进行紫外及拉曼光谱性质表征。紫外吸收光谱显示修饰了单分子层的纳米粒子表面等离子体共振发生较大的红移,银粒子位移程度大于金粒子的。其拉曼散射增强效应研究表明,对巯基苯胺b2振动模式的极大增强是由电磁增强和化学增强效应共同决定的。金、银粒子上对巯基苯胺单分子层拉曼散射增强效应的差异主要来自金属与对巯基苯胺之间电荷转移能力的不同。     

一维三元异质结构光子晶体反射特性

利用传输矩阵法对一维三元光子晶体异质结构的光学特性进行了研究,讨论了介质层厚无序度对三元结构光子禁带的影响.研究表明,将具有相互交叠光子禁带的一维光子晶体叠加构成异质结,可以有效地增大全角度反射的频率范围,当入射角从0°增大到89°,该结构均可实现从0.410 w/w0到0.654 w/w0宽频波段的全反射;相对于二元结构,三元结构可以减小在实际制作过程中随机误差引起的介质层厚无序对光子带隙的影响.该研究结果可为实现可见光及红外光波段大角度反射器的制备及应用提供理论支持.