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51.
52.
K. Chang Song 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》1998,13(1-3):1017-1021
Mullite fibers were synthesized from an aqueous solution of aluminum isopropoxide, aluminum nitrate and tetraethylorthosilicate by the Sol-Gel method. The starting solution was prepared by adding aluminum isopropoxide and tetraethylorthosilicate simultaneously to an aluminum nitrate aqueous solution. The spinnability of the starting solution was investigated by varying the molar ratio of aluminum isopropoxide/aluminum nitrate in the solution. Gel fibers were obtained from solutions in a composition range of aluminum isopropoxide/aluminum nitrate of 3 to 5. Gels obtained from spinnable solutions appeared to have high homogeneity in the mixing of the Al/Si components, leading to a sharp 980°C exothermic peak in the DTA curve and a mullitization temperature of 1000°C. However, in the case of gels obtained from unspinnable solutions, a small 980°C exothermic peak was detected, and the mullitization temperature was as high as 1200°C, probably due to greater heterogeneity in the mixing of the Al/Si components. 相似文献
53.
Frank?WendlerEmail author Gerhard?Grane? Thomas?Heinze 《Cellulose (London, England)》2005,12(4):411-422
The thermal stability of cellulose/N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) solutions were investigated using UV/VIS spectrometry with a temperature programming cuvette and caloric measurements
by means of the Systag calorimeter RADEX (mini-autoclave). Both analytical methods allow to characterize the influences of
stabilizers and additives. With the temporal course of the optical density, temperature and pressure thermal runaway reactions
with gas evolution and accumulation of chromophoric degradation products were recognized. Kinetic model calculations compared
with UV/VIS measurements demonstrate the existence of autocatalytic reactions in cellulose/NMMO solutions. Varying the heating
rate autocatalysis can be proved by dynamic caloric measurements as well. 相似文献
54.
Vlastimil Matějec Ivan Kašík Daniela Berková Miloš Hayer Jiří Kaňka 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》1998,13(1-3):617-621
Optical cores of preforms for drawing optical fibers doped with Er3+ and Yb3+ were fabricated by the sol-gel method with the aim of increasing the thickness of glass layers coated in a single coating cycle and to determine the relation between the preparation conditions and optical properties of the fibers. Al2O3-P2O5-SiO2 and TiO2-P2O5-SiO2 glasses have been studied as matrices for entrapping the rare-earth elements. Input sols have been prepared from silicon and titanium alkoxides, AlCl3, ErCl3, YbCl3, POCl3, water and a modifier under acidic catalysis of HCl. The sols were coated on the inner wall of a silica substrate tube and the gel layers were sintered at high temperatures up to 2000°C after which the tube was collapsed into the preform. Continuous and homogenous glass films with the maximum thickness of about 8 m were fabricated. The influence of high-temperature heat treatment of the layers on their composition and optical attenuation was observed. The amplified stimulated emission of Er3+ around 1.55 m was measured under the excitation of the fibers by an Nd : YAG laser at 1.064 m. 相似文献
55.
Sol-Gel Processing of Transparent PLZT((Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3) Fibers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kitaoka Kenji Takahara Koji Kozuka Hiromitsu Yoko Toshinobu 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》1999,16(1-2):183-193
PLZT((Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3) ceramic fibers were prepared by the sol-gel method from a solution of lead acetate trihydrate, lanthanum isopropoxide, zirconium n-propoxide and titanium isopropoxide containing 2-methoxyethanol as the solvent. The as-drawn gel fibers were pretreated in an autoclave and preheated in flowing H2O vapor prior to the heat-treatment for crystallization. The effects of autoclaving and preheating in flowing H2O vapor on the structure and composition of the resultant fibers were investigated. Optically transparent single phase perovskite PLZT fibers of 5–15 m in thickness and 5 cm in length were successfully prepared when the autoclave-treatment and the preheating in flowing H2O vapor were conducted prior to crystallization. These treatments are thought to promote hydrolysis of the organic groups and polycondensation reaction in the gel fibers, leading to the successful formation of dense, crack-free transparent PLZT fibers. 相似文献
56.
Wen-xun Guo Zong-li Shi Kui Liang Yan-li Liu Xian-hong Chen Wei Li 《Polymer Degradation and Stability》2007,92(3):407-413
New unsaturated polyesters of poly(fumaric acid-glycol-sebacic acid) copolymers and poly(maleic anhydride-glycol-sebacic acid) copolymers were prepared by melt polycondensation of the corresponding mixed monomers: sebacic anhydride, fumaric acid or maleic anhydride and glycol. Methyl-methacrylate (MMA) was used as crosslinker and dimer acid was used as thinner.In vitro studies showed that those copolymers are degradable in phosphate buffer at 37 °C and poly(fumaric acid-glycol-sebacic acid) has proper drug release rate as drug carriers. The biocompatibility of poly(fumaric acid-glycol-sebacic acid) copolymers under mice skin was also evaluated; macroscopic observation and microscopic analysis demonstrated that the copolymer is biocompatible and well tolerated in vivo. The injected poly(fumaric acid-glycol-sebacic acid) [molar ratio Mfumaric acid:Mglycol:Msebacic acid = 1.75:2.20:0.25] containing 5% adriamycin hydrochloride (ADM) in the mice bearing Sarcoma-180 tumor exhibited a good antitumor efficacy. The volume doubling time (VDT) (18 ± 2.5 days) of the tumor growth by this treatment was longer than that (7 ± 0.9 days) by the subcutaneous injection of ADM. 相似文献
57.
Melt extrusion was used to prepare binary nanocomposites of ethylene copolymers and organoclay and trinary nanocomposites of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), ethylene copolymer and organoclay. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to analyze the structure of the clay phase and the morphology of the nanocomposites. Influences of the comonomer in the copolymer and the content of the copolymer on the morphology of the resulting nanocomposites were discussed. The binary and the trinary composites may form intercalated or exfoliated structures depending on the interaction between the copolymer and the clay layers and the content of the copolymer. 相似文献
58.
Oligomers of l-lactic acid and citric acid (PLCA) were synthesized by reacting lactic acid with citric acid in the presence of stannous chloride. The chemical compositions of these multicarboxylated oligomers were verified by FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The thermal characteristics of the oligomers, such as glass transition temperature Tg, melting temperature Tm and melting enthalpy, were confirmed by DSC. The crystallinity of the oligomers were determined by DSC and WXRD. Meanwhile, the acid-base surface characteristics of PLCA have been determined by contact angle. The results implicated that these oligomers may be used to entrap the cospecies on PLLA surface in tissue engineering. 相似文献
59.
Miscibility and morphology of poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate)/poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/poly(ether imide) (PEN/PTT/PEI)
blends were investigated by using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), optical microscopy (OM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction
(WAXD), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). In the ternary blends, OM and DSC results indicated immiscible properties for polyester-rich compositions of PEN/PTT/PEI
blends, but all compositions of the ternary blends were phase homogeneous after heat treatment at 300 °C for more than 30 min.
An amorphous blend with a single T
g was obtained in the final state, when samples were annealed at 300 °C. Experimental results from 1H-NMR identified the production of PEN/PTT copolymers by so-called “transesterification”. The influence of transesterification
on the behaviors of glass transition and crystallization was discussed in detail. Study results identified that a random copolymer
promoted the miscibility of the ternary blends. The critical block lengths for both PEN and PTT hindered the formation of
crystals in the ternary blends. Finally, the transesterification product of PEN/PTT blends, ENTT, was blended with PEI. The
results for DSC and OM demonstrated the miscibility of the ENTT/PEI blends. 相似文献
60.
A series of novel multi-arm star side-chain liquid crystalline (LC) copolymers with hyperbranched core moieties were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using a multi-functional hyperbranched polyether as the initiator and chlorobenzene as the solvent. The multi-functional hyperbranched polyether initiator was prepared from poly(3-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)oxetane) (PEHO) and 2-bromo-2-methylpropionyl bromide. The azobenzene side-chain liquid crystalline arms were designed to have an LC conformation of poly[6-(4-methoxy-4′-oxy-azobenzene)hexyl methacrylate] with different molecular weights. Their characterization was performed with 1H NMR, size exclusion chromatograph (SEC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal polarized optical microscopy (POM). The multi-arm star side-chain liquid crystalline copolymers exhibited a smectic and a nematic phase, and the phase transition temperatures from the smectic to the nematic phase and from the nematic to isotropic phase increased with increasing the molecular weight of the multi-arm star side-chain liquid crystalline copolymers from 1.78 × 104 to 9.07 × 104. 相似文献