活化硅胶表面Fe~(3+)的担载及其对甲醛的催化氧化

硅胶颗粒经过400℃高温活化后与四氯化硅在无水四氢呋喃溶剂中反应制得氯化硅胶。氯化硅胶再经乙酰胺修饰,制备得到表面含羰基和氨基的硅胶修饰体。此组装体具有良好的配位能力,能够与Fe3+进行配位,从而得到表面催化活性点均匀分布的负载型催化剂。该催化剂对甲醛催化氧化具有良好的催化性能,最高催化效率高达91.3%。     

微流控芯片电泳在食品安全与环境污染检测中的应用

微流控芯片电泳具有样品和试剂消耗量小、分析速度快、分离效率高以及便于微型化等特点,特别适合于食品安全和环境污染相关的现场快速检测。该文综述了微流控芯片电泳技术在食品安全与环境污染检测方面的研究进展,着重介绍了该技术在食品中有害物质残留、非法食品添加剂以及环境样品中有害无机离子、有机污染物等目标物检测方面的典型应用实例,在此基础上初步讨论了微流控芯片电泳走向实际应用面临的问题和可能的解决办法。     

Efficient extraction of proteins from recalcitrant plant tissue for subsequent analysis by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis

Protein extraction for two‐dimensional electrophoresis from tissues of recalcitrant species is quite problematic and challenging due to the low protein content and high abundance of contaminants. Proteomics in Shorea robusta is scarcely conducted due to the lack of a suitable protein preparation procedure. To establish an effective protein extraction protocol suitable for two‐dimensional electrophoresis in Shorea robusta, four procedures (borate buffer/trichloroacetic acid extraction, organic solvent/trichloroacetic acid precipitation, sucrose/Tris/phenol, and organic solvent/phenol/sodium dodecyl sulfate) were evaluated. Following these, proteins were isolated from mature leaves and were analyzed for proteomics, and also for potential contaminants, widely reported to hinder proteomics. The borate buffer/trichloroacetic acid extraction had the lowest protein yield and did not result in any banding even in one‐dimensional electrophoresis. In contrast, organic solvent/phenol/sodium dodecyl sulfate extraction allowed the highest protein yield. Moreover, during proteomics, organic solvent/phenol/sodium dodecyl sulfate extracted protein resolved the maximum number (144) of spots. Further, when proteins were evaluated for contaminants, significant (77–95%) reductions in the nucleic acids, phenol, and sugars were discernible with refinement in extraction procedure. Accumulated data suggested that the organic solvent/phenol/sodium dodecyl sulfate extraction was the most effective protocol for protein isolation for proteomics of Shorea robusta and can be used for plants that have a similar set of contaminants.     

弱凝胶钻井液成胶剂AM/AMPS/OA_8的合成与表征

针对水平井、大斜度井钻井过程中井眼润滑性、岩屑携带以及钻井速度的影响等问题,通过合理的分子设计,以丙烯酰胺(AM)、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)和实验室自制疏水单体丙烯酸正辛醇OA_8为原料,利用胶束聚合法,制备了一种弱凝胶成胶剂AMAMPSOA_8,其结构经1H NMR和IR表征。以AMAMPSOA_8在低剪切速率下的表观粘度为指标设计正交试验,确定最优反应条件为:AM与AMPS摩尔配比为4.8∶1,引发剂用量为单体总质量的0.04%,疏水单体浓度为0.75%,于70℃反应9 h。该条件下,0.5%AMAMPS0A_8聚合物溶液在低剪切速率3 r·min~(-1)下表观粘度可达23 680 mPa·s。利用热分析仪、高温滚子炉、高温高压流变仪对产物性能进行了研究。研究表明:AMAMPSOA_8的抗温性能可达160℃;聚合物溶液体系有明显的触变性,在40 min后溶液切力增加幅度变缓。     

Structure analysis of polyether-based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers by FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR

One kind of unknown structure sequence and composition ratio of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The results showed that the polyurethane (PU) was obtained from poly(tetramethylene glycol) (PTMG) as soft segment, 1,4-butanediol (BDO) as chain extender, and 4,4′-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) as hard segment. Furthermore, the composition ratio of MDI:PTMG:BDO was 2.07:1.22:1.00. At last, the molecular weight of PU was determined by GPC, and the number average molecular weight (M_n) and weight average molecular weight (M_w) are 63,300 and 133,800?g?mol^?1, respectively.     

Research on mechanical and dielectric properties of XLPE cable under accelerated electrical‐thermal aging

Research into the electrical‐thermal aging properties of cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable has great significance, because of its wide application. This study conducted accelerated electrical‐thermal aging tests on 10‐kV XLPE cable in order to assess the cable's mechanical and dielectric properties. After being aged by applying 34.8‐kV AC voltage at the four temperatures of 90, 103, 114, and 135°C, the cable samples were taken out in five stages according to the aging time and cut into slices. The slices were conducted experiments to test the breaking elongation, tensile strength, gel content, breakdown voltage, and frequency spectrums of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss. The results demonstrate that the mechanical strength and gel content of XLPE vary greatly under different aging temperatures, a finding that is associated with the crystallization characteristics of the material. The breakdown voltage shows a slight decreasing trend with aging time. The dielectric constant decreases with aging time in high‐frequency areas (10³–10⁶ Hz), while the dielectric loss factor increases with aging time at low frequencies (10^?2–0 Hz). These two parameters can be used to characterize the degree of aging in cable. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

磁性非对称双链长表面活性剂囊泡凝胶

合成了一系列含磁性反离子的非对称双疏水链长的阳离子表面活性剂,其中三氯一溴铁合十六烷基戊基二甲基铵(C_(16)C_5DMA~+[FeCl_3Br]-~)与偶氮羧酸钠盐(AzoNa_4)在酸性条件水溶液中形成磁性囊泡凝胶。运用cryo-透射电镜(TEM)、冷冻蚀刻TEM(FF-TEM)、流变仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和超导量子干涉(SQUID)等表征技术对囊泡凝胶进行了结构和性质研究,结果发现:凝胶含有曲率多变的融合性的双层囊泡,这些双分子层结构模构了自然界中各种物象的结构轮廓,展现了不可预测的多变曲率和良好柔性。聚集体双分子层膜内由长短不对称烷基链采取交错相扣的双分子层排列模式,这种构建模式结构稳定,短烷基链可游离出囊泡双分子层并伸向外部水相介质。两个相邻囊泡间的短链在疏水相互作用下形成非共价的囊泡"补丁",疏水的囊泡"补丁"克服相邻囊泡之间的斥力而融合。磁性反离子[FeCl_3Br]~-不仅赋予囊泡磁性,且在囊泡的形成过程中调控烷基链的组装。这种多形态融合性囊泡为揭示膜曲率的调节机制和构建人工细胞提供实验数据和理论参考。     

Specially Treated Aramid Fiber Stabilized Gel‐Emulsions: Preparation of Porous Polymeric Monoliths and Highly Efficient Removing of Airborne HCHO

Porous polymeric monoliths with densities as low as ≈0.060 g cm⁻³ are prepared in a gel‐emulsion template way, of which the stabilizer employed is a newly discovered acidified aramid fiber that is so efficient that 0.05% (w/v, accounts for continuous phase) is enough to gel the system. The porous monoliths as obtained can be dried at ambient conditions, avoiding energy‐consuming processes. Importantly, the monoliths show selective adsorption to HCHO, and the corresponding adsorption capacity ( M6 ) is ≈2700 mg g⁻¹, the best result that is reported until now. More importantly, the monoliths can be reused after drying.     

Sensitivity enhancing injection from a sample reservoir and channel interface in microchip electrophoresis

The stacking of a cationic analyte (i.e., rhodamine B) at the interface between a sample reservoir and channel in a microchip electrophoresis device is described for the first time. Stacking at negative polarity was by micelle to solvent stacking where the dye was prepared in a micellar solution (5 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate in 25 mM phosphoric acid, pH 2.5) and the channel was filled with high methanol content background solution (70% methanol in 50 mM phosphoric acid, pH 2.5). The injection of the stacked dye into the channel was by simple reversal of the voltage polarity with the sample solution and background solution at the anodic and cathodic reservoirs of the straight channel, respectively. The enrichment of rhodamine B at the interface and injection of the stacked dye into the channel was clearly visualized using an inverted fluorescence microscope. A notable sensitivity enhancement factor of up to 150 was achieved after 2 min at 1 kV of micelle to solvent stacking. The proposed technique will be useful as a concentration step for analyte mixtures in simple and classical cross‐channel microchip electrophoresis devices or for the controlled delivery of enriched reagents or analytes as narrow plugs in advanced microchip electrophoresis devices.