氧氟沙星片剂和滴眼液中氧氟沙星对映体的毛细管电泳拆分及定量分析

采用环糊精及其衍生物为手性选择剂在CE上对氧氟沙星对映体进行了分离，研究了环糊精种类、浓度、分离电压、温度对分离的影响．重点考察了氧氟沙星的定量线性范围、检测限和重现性，在20-200mg／L浓度范围内，迁移时间重现性的相对标准偏差(RSD)控制在1．13％以内，峰面积重现性的RSD控制在4．3％以内，检测限为1mg／L．结果表明用20mmo1／L二甲基-β-环糊精(DM-β-CD)为手性选择剂，背景电解质为50mmo1／L Na2HPO4，pH＝3．0，不加有机添加剂情况下可得到较好的分离效果．同时，对氧氟沙星药品实样进行了分析，建主了一种市售氧氟沙星片剂和滴眼液中氧氟沙星对映体简单、快速的毛细管电泳分离、定量分析方法．     

高效液相色谱法直接测定几种非甾体类解热镇痛药物中的对映体含量

用WHELK-O1手性色谱柱，在正相条件下测定了几种非甾体类解热镇痛药物萘普生、布洛芬、酮基布洛芬和苯氧布洛芬等中对映体的含量。结果表明：这种手性固定相色谱柱能够以正己烷和异丙醇为流动相，简便、快速、准确地测定非甾类药物中对映体的含量。     

1,1-二苯基乙烯存在下无皂乳液聚合制备磁性复合微球

报道了一种制备磁性复合微球的方法——DPE法.在自由基控制剂1,1-二苯基乙烯(DPE)存在条件下,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)与丙烯酸(AA)发生无皂乳液聚合,制备能与Fe3O4粒子相螯合的活性短链共聚物,加入Fe3O4粒子把短链共聚物引到其表面,引发其它单体继续在Fe3O4粒子表面聚合,制备磁性复合微球.研究了AA、DPE、引发剂及Fe3O4粒子加入量等对制备磁性复合微球的影响.并在此基础上,对优化后工艺制备的磁性复合微球进行了TEM、TGA及磁响应性表征.结果表明,利用该新的方法制备出了磁含量为20%、比饱和磁化强度为32.2emu/g、平均粒径为265nm且表面不含任何杂质的磁性复合微球.     

阿司匹林-蒙脱土-壳聚糖缓释微球的制备及其体外释放性能

利用溶液法预先制备壳聚糖(Cs)-蒙脱土(MMT)复合材料(Cs-MMT),以Cs-MMT、Cs为原料,采用反相悬浮聚合法制得一种新型药物缓释体系阿司匹林-蒙脱土-壳聚糖载药微球(Asp-MMT-Cs)。采用FT-IR、SEM表征了Cs-MMT和Asp-MMT-Cs载药微球的结构及形态;设计正交实验优化了Asp-MMT-Cs载药微球的制备工艺;通过体外释放实验探讨了载药微球在不同模拟释放液中的释药规律。结果表明:所得微球球形度好,粒径分布较均匀;最优工艺制得的载药微球平均粒径为81.20μm,载药量为9.61%,包封率为76.78%。该缓释体系具有pH敏感性,更倾向于在pH较高的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中释放。     

庆大霉素对羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖复合材料性能的影响

羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖-庆大霉素(HA/CS-G)缓释材料为骨髓炎的定点缓释给药提供了一种有效的局部药物缓释体系。为了研究抗生素对羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖材料性能的影响,采用共沉淀法制备了HA/CS-G缓释材料。利用红外光谱(IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对材料进行了表征。以不载药的羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖(HA/CS)为对照,研究了庆大霉素对HA/CS复合材料抑菌性能、力学性能和降解性能等的影响。实验结果表明,HA/CS-G有良好的抑菌效果。负载庆大霉素后HA/CS的机械强度明显增强,而材料的降解速率有所下降。本文采用的二次成型技术显著增大了材料的机械强度。     

海藻酸盐凝胶化及其在软骨组织工程和药物控释领域的应用

介绍了海藻酸盐水溶液的凝胶化及其临界行为和松弛临界指数n.提出了将凝胶化按高分子的分子链长短分为生长型和交联型两类,前者为无规交联,符合逾渗连接的条件;后者大分子链间交联,不符合无规逾渗连接的条件.介绍了微囊化细胞载体、预成型支架和可注射支架,能够为软骨细胞提供良好的三维生长环境;通过LbL、二价离子交联等自组装技术,海藻酸能够实现对多种类型药物的包埋和控释.     

Sample cleanup-free determination of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide in serum and plasma using the novel technology of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressant drug which powerfully inhibits lymphocyte proliferation. Since the early 1990s it has been used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation. The requirement of therapeutic drug monitoring shown in previous studies raises the necessity of acquiring accurate and sensitive methods to measure MPA and its major metabolite mycophenolic acid glucuronide (MPAG).The authors developed a sample cleanup-free, rapid, and highly specific method for simultaneous measurement of MPA and MPAG in human plasma and serum using the novel technology of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. MPA- and MPAG-determinations were performed during a 2.0-min run time. Multiple calibration curves for the analysis of MPA and MPAG exhibited consistent linearity and reproducibility in the range of 0.05-100 (r > 0.999) mg L⁻¹ and 4-4000 mg L⁻¹ (r > 0.999), respectively. Limits of Detection were 0.014 mg L⁻¹ for MPA and 1.85 mg L⁻¹ for MPAG. Lower Limits of Quantification were 0.05 mg L⁻¹ for MPA and 2.30 mg L⁻¹ for MPAG. Interassay imprecision was <10% for both substances. Mean recovery was 103.6% (range 78.1-129.7%) for MPA and 111.1% (range 73.0-139.6%) for MPAG. Agreement was good for MPA and MPAG between the presented method and a validated HPLC-MS/MS method. The Passing-Bablok regression line for MPA and MPAG was HPLC-MS/MS = 1.14 UPLC-MS/MS—0.14 [mg L⁻¹], r = 0.96, and HPLC-MS/MS = 0.77 UPLC-MS/MS + 0.50 [mg L⁻¹], r = 0.97, respectively. This sample cleanup-free and robust LC-MS/MS assay facilitates the rapid, accurate and simultaneous determination of MPA and MPAG in human body fluids.     

Uncertainty of measurement for summed masses: application to controlled substances

Because sentences for drug possession depend on the mass of the seized drug, testing laboratories must often determine the summed mass of numerous items submitted under a single case. One common practice for this purpose is to continue analyzing and weighing samples until a legal threshold is passed, at which point it is important to inform the court whether the summed mass is significantly above the threshold, or only marginally so. This paper develops a means for estimating the uncertainty of the summed mass for the common situation where the readability, d, of the balance dominates the uncertainty. It is seen that for all sample sizes the uncertainty, UM, is given by the remarkable simple expression UM = (d/2) × [N + SQRT(3N)] + N × CCE, where N is the number of items and CCE is the absolute value of the calibration check error. In most instances, this can be further simplified to UM = N × d.     

Cellulose acetate graft copolymers with nano-structured architectures: Synthesis and characterization

Cellulose acetate is a very good film-forming polymer with major applications in cigarette filters, photographic films, cosmetics and pharmaceutics formulations and membrane separation processes. Nevertheless, its rigidity and relative hydrophobic character can be limiting drawbacks for some applications. In this work, new cellulose acetate materials with highly flexible and hydrophilic grafts were obtained with different hydrophilic/hydrophobic balances. Cellulose acetate was grafted with methyl diethylene glycol methacrylate (MDEGMA) from brominated macroinitiators by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in two steps. The first step consisted of introducing ATRP initiator groups on cellulose acetate by reacting hydroxyl side groups with 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide. A preliminary study was then carried out to determine the experimental conditions for the controlled ATRP of MDEGMA homopolymerization in a solvent (cyclopentanone) compatible with cellulose acetate grafting. In these conditions, the MDEGMA homopolymerization followed Hanns Fischer’s kinetics model accounting for the radical persistent effect. The ATRP grafting was then investigated for two cellulose acetate macroinitiators differing in the number of their ATRP initiator groups. Two families of graft copolymers with nano-structured architectures were obtained. The first family corresponded to copolymers with a high number of short grafts. The copolymers of the second family had almost the same graft weight fractions but a small number of long grafts. The morphology of the graft copolymers was then investigated by synchrotron X-ray scattering. The most informative results showed that the phase segregation depended upon the number and length of the poly(MDEGMA) grafts. The copolymer with 44 wt.% of long grafts showed a segregated morphology of nano-domains with sharp interfaces and a radius of gyration of 11.5 nm (from Guinier’s law). These cellulose acetate copolymers eventually led to strong films with potential applications in membrane separations.     

Benzyl-substituted titanocene dichloride anticancer drugs: From lead to hit

Through the reaction of Super Hydride (LiBEt₃H) with 6-phenyl-substituted fulvenes followed by transmetallation to TiCl₄ ten novel benzyl-substituted titanocene dichloride derivatives were synthesised. 6(4-morpholinomethyl-phenyl) fulvene (6g) and (bis-[(4-methoxymethyl-benzyl)cyclopentadienyl]titanium(IV) dichloride) (8a) were characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction. All of the titanocenes had their cytotoxicity investigated through preliminary in vitro testing on the LLC-PK (pig kidney epithelial) cell line and CAKI-1 human kidney cell human carcinoma cell line in an MTT based assay in order to determine their IC50 values. The titanocenes synthesised were found to have IC50 values ranging from 2.3 (±0.3) μM (comparable to cisplatin) to others which show no anti-proliferative activity on this cell line in standard DMSO formulations on LLC-PK cell line. Eight of the titanocenes were found to be completely water-soluble and had IC50 values of 6.5 (±0.7) μM to no activity when using medium only for formulation. On the CAKI-1 cell line, IC50 values of 7.8 (±1.4) μM to no activity were found using DMSO formulation, while IC50 values of 0.55 (±0.32) μM to no activity were measured using just medium as the formulation reagent. Some of the titanocenes show significant cytotoxicity improvement when compared directly to the lead compound Titanocene Y (bis-[(p-methoxybenzyl)cyclopentadienyl] titanium(IV) dichloride) and are more cytotoxic than cisplatin. Bis-[(4-diethylaminomethyl-benzyl)cyclopentadienyl]titanium(IV) dichloride (8d) at this preliminary stage seems to be the most promising of the ten compounds prepared and exhibits nanomolar activity against CAKI-1.