Non-classical correlation of the two emission fields by a four-level atomic ensemble

The normalized second-order correlation of the emission fields from a driven four-level atomic ensemble is investigated theoretically by using the state vector method. The violation of Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, which indicates the establishment of non-classical correlation between two emission fields, has been found. The effects of various decays and time delay on the correlation are discussed in detail, which are helpful in finding the ways to obtain high non-classical correlation. This technique for the generation of non-classical light is operable based on the current experimental technology and will lead to some potential applications in quantum information science.     

ESPI solution for non-contacting MEMS-on-wafer testing

Rapid progress in the field of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) makes the development of appropriate measuring and testing means timely. Characterizing the mechanical properties of MEMS structures at a very early stage of manufacturing is a challenging task for quality assurance in this field. The paper describes a new solution that is based upon the vibration analysis of the microparts. The nanometer amplitudes are detected by advanced electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI). A specific signal processing technique has been applied to make the solution robust. Comprehensive numerical simulations provide the theoretical base for the HNDT concept. A laboratory system for 4″ wafer has been built, and extensive tests show that such key properties as e.g. the thickness of springs or membranes can be determined exactly. Automated frequency scanning and corresponding digital image processing open the way to reliable and fast industrial systems for MEMS testing on wafer level.     

Electrical characterization of low temperature deposited TiO2 films on strained-SiGe layers

Thin films of titanium dioxide have been deposited on strained Si_0.82Ge_0.18 epitaxial layers using titanium tetrakis-isopropoxide [TTIP, Ti(O-i-C₃H₇)₄] and oxygen by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The films have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Dielectric constant, equivalent oxide thickness (EOT), interface state density (D_it), fixed oxide charge density (Q_f/q) and flat-band voltage (V_FB) of as-deposited films were found to be 13.2, 40.6 Å, 6×10¹¹ eV⁻¹ cm⁻², 3.1×10¹¹ cm⁻² and −1.4 V, respectively. The capacitance–voltage (C–V), current–voltage (I–V) characteristics and charge trapping behavior of the films under constant current stressing exhibit an excellent interface quality and high dielectric reliability making the films suitable for microelectronic applications.     

Scattering of plane acoustic waves by a transversely isotropic cylindrical shell—application to material characterization

Scattering of obliquely incident plane acoustic wave by an air-filled, transversely isotropic cylindrical shell immersed in water is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The normal mode expansion technique is employed for analyzing the scattering field, and then resonance modes of the shell appearing in modal scattering form functions are identified performing the resonance scattering analysis. Dispersion curves for Sholte-Stoneley, SH and Lamb waves are obtained and their characteristics are interpreted. Calculated backscattering and resonance spectra as well as dispersion curves are compared with those from ultrasonic experiments for two composite samples having the same nominal composition but fabricated under different conditions. Sensitive change of the dispersion curves is observed for both normal and oblique incidences, which demonstrates the feasibility of systematic inverse evaluation of damage or elastic constants of the composite shell using data from the acoustic scattering measurements.     

Carbon dioxide adsorption studies on delafossite CuFeO2 hydrothermally synthesized

Delafossite CuFeO₂ oxide was synthesized by a hydrothermal technique using Cu₂O and FeOOH as precursors with the addition of fused NaOH as mineralizer. The amount of rhombohedral and hexagonal delafossite phase formed depends on the synthesis time lapses between 2 and 5 days and on the NaOH concentration. The compounds obtained were analyzed with Raman Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) in order to obtain their morphological and structural properties. Optical behavior was studied by UV–vis Spectroscopy and gas adsorption measured with a Quartz-Crystal Microbalance (QCM). Our results show that this type of hydrothermal synthesis is capable of recreating the delafossite-type structure of copper-iron oxide and produces a high yield of material with the right stoichiometry. The highest uptake of carbon dioxide is observed on the sample with the highest ratio between rhombohedral and hexagonal delafossite phase.     

Growth and characterization of InAs quantum dots with low-density and long emission wavelength

The growth parameters affecting the deposition of self-assembled InAs quantum dots （QDs） on GaAs substrate by low-pressure metal-organic chemical vapor deposition （MOCVD） are reported. The low-density InAs QDs （- 5 × 10^8cm^-2） are achieved using high growth temperature and low InAs coverage. Photoluminescence （PL） measurements show the good optical quality of low-density QDs. At room temperature, the ground state peak wavelength of PL spectrum and full-width at half-maximum （FWHM） are 1361 nm and 23 meV （35 nm）, respectively, which are obtained as the GaAs capping layer grown using triethylgallium （TEG） and tertiallybutylarsine （TBA）. The PL spectra exhibit three emission peaks at 1361, 1280, and 1204 nm, which correspond to the ground state, the first excited state, and the second excited state of the ODs, respectively.     

水面航行潜艇红外特征模拟研究

潜艇的红外辐射特征是红外探测系统发现潜艇并进行跟踪的依据,研究潜艇红外特征模拟方法对潜艇探潜和修正对敌潜艇制导数据具有一定参考价值。从潜艇的外部环境出发,分析了影响水面航行潜艇红外特征的多种复杂因素,建立了传热模型,给出传热边界方程,模拟了潜艇表面红外特征,估算了探潜距离。     

微纳尺度俄歇电子能谱新技术开发及其应用进展

随着纳米结构材料的广泛应用,新型微纳尺度表征技术成为纳米科学技术发展的重要途径.本文基于局域电子信息全面性的思想,从俄歇电子能谱的原理出发,理论推导出俄歇价电子能谱的简明表述方式,确定俄歇价电子能谱与微观电子结构信息的内在联系和物理意义,建立了俄歇电子能谱探测微区一系列宏观参量的新技术.其中应力测最技术的空间分辨率可优于20 nm,为微纳尺度力学测量的发展提供了重要的方法;非接触性的局域电学性质测量技术,超越了传统电学测量方法的思想框架,实现了无外场驱动的电荷密度分布、电场分布等本征电学性质表征、以及半导体异质结构整个空间区域的能带构造;结构相的测定技术,使纳米微区材料的晶体结构相识别成为可能;半导体微区导电类型测定技术,建续了非接触性电学测量的优点,并且能够灵活地探测分析复杂光电器件结构中不同区域的导电类型分布.通过实际应用于侧向外延GaN不同区域、AlxGa1-xN/GaN超晶格量子阱结构、ZnO纳米颗粒等纳米尺度复杂体系的微区宏观性质探测,获得应力/应变、电荷密度/电场、结构相以及导电类型及其分布等结果,验证了所建立的测量技术的有效性和可靠性.     

Ce-MCM-48立方介孔分子筛结构的光谱表征

在碱性条件下,以混合模板剂pH调节水热合成了掺入铈的介孔分子筛Ce-MCM-48,并采用XRD,DRUV-Vis(紫外-可见漫反射),FTIR,XRF结合BET等测试手段对样品进行表征。实验结果表明,采用本方法所合成的掺铈介孔材料仍保持立方介孔的有序结构,同时适量的铈的掺入和pH调节使分子筛的有序性及吸附性能得到改善,晶胞参数增大,孔径更均一,孔壁增厚。从而可推出Ce-MCM-48的热稳定性、水热稳定性、催化活性及择形选择性可得到提高。掺入的铈以四配位状态高度分散在介孔的有序结构当中。红外光谱表明不同量的铈的掺入对骨架硅的各种振动扰动程度不同。     

FTIR analysis of natural and synthetic collagen

Collagen is the most abundant protein in humans and animals, comprising of one third of the total proteins that accounts for three quarters of the dry weight skin in humans. Collagen containing a range of proteins has been reported for tissue engineering applications, but, only a small number of studies related to chemical structure evaluation of collagen are found in the literature. Collagen can be obtained from both the natural and synthetic sources and offers a wide range of biomedical applications due to its excellent biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. Hence, it is important to identify chemical structural properties of collagen and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) appears to be a technique of choice to study their chemical structure. This review aims to highlight the use of FTIR to study collagen-based biomaterials, using it for characterization of collagen extracted from various sources. Characterization of collagen-based materials used in wound healing, skin substitutes, derma fillers, and aging of skin, collagen containing drug delivery agents, collagen-based materials used in tissue engineering, bone regeneration, and osteogenic differentiation is discussed in detail. FTIR analysis of collagen-containing materials used for dental applications, cleft-palate, and in alveolar-ridge preservation has also been highlighted.