A hybrid variational front tracking-level set mesh generator for problems exhibiting large deformations and topological changes

We present a method for generating 2-D unstructured triangular meshes that undergo large deformations and topological changes in an automatic way. We employ a method for detecting when topological changes are imminent via distance functions and shape skeletons. When a change occurs, we use a level set method to guide the change of topology of the domain mesh. This is followed by an optimization procedure, using a variational formulation of active contours, that seeks to improve boundary mesh conformity to the zero level contour of the level set function. Our method is advantageous for Arbitrary-Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) type methods and directly allows for using a variational formulation of the physics being modeled and simulated, including the ability to account for important geometric information in the model (such as for surface tension driven flow). Furthermore, the meshing procedure is not required at every time-step and the level set update is only needed during a topological change. Hence, our method does not significantly affect computational cost.     

振荡流热管振荡相变传热特性

本文建立了环路型振荡流热管物理数学模型。数值计算结果表明,汽泡的交替膨胀和压缩使管内工质维持振荡运动,热管冷却端的散热情况是影响振荡流热管内部振荡运动的重要因素。热管内部振荡运动受倾角、充液率和加热功率影响,其变化趋势与前期实验结果基本一致。热管内脉动运动愈剧烈,热管的传热性能愈好。     

Effect of Dy substitution on magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effects of Tb6Co1.67Si3 compounds

The magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of(Tb1-xDyx) 6 Co 1.67 Si 3(0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) have been experimentally investigated.The compounds exhibit a Ce6Ni2Si3-type hexagonal structure and undergo a second-order magnetic transition.The Curie temperature decreases from ～ 187 K to 142 K as the content of Dy grows from 0 to 0.8.The maximal magnetic entropy change,for a field change of 0-5 T,varies between ～ 6.2 and ～ 7.4 J/kg.K,slightly decreasing when Dy is introduced.The substitution of Dy leads to a remarkable increase in refrigeration capacity(RC).A large RC value of ～ 626 J/kg is achieved for x = 0.4 under a field change of 0-5 T.     

Giant magnetocaloric effect in Tb5Ge2-xSi2-xMn2x compounds

The crystal structure,magnetic and magnetocaloric characteristics of the pseduo ternary compounds of Tb5Ge2 xSi2 xMn2x(0 ≤ 2x ≤ 0.1) were investigated by x-ray powder diffraction and magnetization measurements.The x-ray powder diffraction results show that all compounds preserve the monoclinic phase as the majority phase and all the synthesized compounds were observed to be ferromagnetic from magnetization measurements.Magnetic phase transitions were interpreted in terms of Landau theory.Maximum isothermal magnetic entropy change value(20.84 J.kg-1.K-1) was found for Tb5Ge1.95Si1.95Mn0.1 at around 123 K in the magnetic field change of 5 T.     

Form-stable electrospun nanofibrous mats as a potential phase change material

A series of Poly vinyl butyral–Poly (acrylic acid) (PVB-PAA) based form-stable phase change materials (PCMs) have been prepared for the use of thermal energy storage applications. Six types of formulations containing five different fatty alcohols were prepared by adding PVB to PAA. Using electrospinning to fabricate nanofibrous mats, our aim was to investigate their properties as form-stable PCMs. Fatty alcohols, 1-Tetradecanol, 1-Hexadecanol, 1-Octadecanol, 1-Eicosanol and 1-Docosanol, were added separately to base formulation. The structural characterization tests were performed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Morphological tests were conducted using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Thermal performances and phase change behaviors were tested by thermogravimetric analysis system (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The heating cycle phase change enthalpy is measured between 223 and 241?J/g, and the freezing cycle phase change enthalpy is found between 215 and 239?J/g. The main decomposition PVB-PAA based PCMs started at 220?°C. This study suggested that PVB-PAA based PCMs possess well phase change properties and they were found to have an applicable temperature range. With the presented results these materials promise a great potential in thermal energy storage applications.     

胜利褐煤低温氧化过程中微结构的转化特性研究

选用内蒙古的胜利褐煤作为研究对象,通过固定床反应装置对褐煤进行不同温度(200-300℃)下的低温氧化,利用FT-IR、Raman和XPS等方法对氧化处理后煤样的结构进行了表征,考察了不同温度下低温氧化对褐煤微结构和质量变化的影响,并利用热重分析仪研究了氧化后煤样的燃烧反应性能。结果表明,温度对低温氧化过程中胜利褐煤的质量变化率影响较大,低于220℃时,褐煤的质量变化率很小,高于220℃时,质量变化率有明显的改变。特别在220-230℃,煤样的质量变化率由5. 80%(220℃)突变为42. 55%(230℃)。FT-IR/Raman/XPS表征结果显示,220℃氧化后的煤样中有明显的苯醌类结构形成,此结构的形成使苯环骨架C=C的伸缩振动吸收峰发生红移,且Raman谱图中D峰位置偏移,D峰和G峰两峰间距增大。氧化温度低于220℃的煤样表面C-O-和C=O的含量均增加,推测煤样在220-230℃质量变化率的突变主要与苯醌类结构的氧化分解有关。     

机械产品基于变更影响和升级复杂度的升级潜力评估

基于信息熵理论和产品结构关联性研究, 提出了一个机械产品升级潜力评估模型, 从升级变更影响程度(前端)和升级复杂度(后端)两方面进行综合分析, 得出机械产品的升级潜力量化值, 并用实例验证了所提出模型的有效性.     

Ca~(2+)掺杂对SmFeO_3的介电、铁磁特性及磁相变温度的影响

采用固相反应法制备Sm_(1-x)Ca_xFeO_3(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3)样品,研究Ca~(2+)掺杂对SmFeO_3介电性能、铁磁性及磁相变温度的影响.X射线衍射图谱分析表明:所有样品的主衍射峰与SmFe03相符合且具有良好的晶体结构.随着x的增加,SmFeO_3样品的晶粒尺寸由原来的0.5μm逐渐增大到2μm.当f=1 kHz时,Sm_(1-x)Ca_xFeO_3(x=0.1,0.2,0.3)样品的ε_r分别是SmFe03的5倍、3倍和2.6倍,而tgσ增大一个数量级.在3T磁场作用下,SmFe03样品的M-H呈线性,随着x的增加,M-H逐渐趋向饱和,Sm_(1-x)Ca_xFeO_3(x=0.1,0.2,0.3)样品的M_r分别是SmFeO_3的20倍、31倍和68倍.X射线光电子能谱分析表明:Fe~(2+)和Fe3+共存于Sm_(1-x)Ca_xFeO_3样品中,Fe~(2+)/Fe~(3+)比例随着x的增加而增大,证明Ca~(2+)掺杂增加了Fe~(2+)的含量,形成Fe~(2+)—O~(2-)—Fe~(3+)超交换作用,增强SmFe03的铁磁特性.测量了Sm_(1-x)Ca_xFeO_3样品在外加磁场为1000 Oe(1 Oe=79.5775 A/m)的M-T变化关系,观测到其自旋重组温度(T_(SR))和尼尔温度(T_N)分别为438 K和687 K,发现SmFe03样品的T_(SR)和T_N均随着x的增加向低温方向移动,当x=0.3时,自旋重组现象消失.这主要是SmFeO_3样品磁结构的稳定性和Fe~(3+)—O~(2-)—Fe~(3+)及Sm~(3+)—O~(2-)—Fe~(3+)超交换三者共同作用的结果.