基于光谱分析与角度斜率指数的植被含水量研究

植被含水量是植被生长状态的重要指示因子,是农业、生态和水文等研究中的重要参数,其诊断对于监测自然植被群落的干旱状况、预报森林火灾等都具有重要意义。通过对植被光谱反射率与植被含水量的相关性分析,发现植被波谱不同波段的光谱反射率与植被含水量的相关性差异很大,其中可见光红光波段(620～700 nm)、近红外波段(800～1 350, 1 600～1 950, 2 200～2 400 nm)的光谱反射率与植被含水量具有较好的相关性,选取了660,850,1 630和2 200 nm的光谱反射率作为RED,NIR,SWIR1和SWIR2的波段值来建立角度斜率指数;分析了植被含水量与角度斜率指数的关系,将角度斜率指数(SANI,SASI,ANIR)作为反演植被含水量的参量,建立植被含水量与角度斜率指数之间线性回归模型。通过对近红外角度指数ANIR改进,提出了近红外角度归一化指数NANI(near infrared angle normalized index)与近红外角度斜率指数NASI(near infrared angle slope index),建立植被含水量与NANI和NASI之间线性回归模型,结果显示：NANI与Palacios-Orueta等提出的角度斜率指数(SANI,SASI,ANIR)相比有一定的优势,模型可决系数R2从原最高0.791提高到0.853,RMSE也从原最小0.047降低到0.039。确定了NANI为反演植被含水量的最佳角度斜率指数,并建立了植被含水量反演模型。该研究主要创新点：在前人研究成果基础上,通过对原角度斜率指数的改进,提出了NANI和NASI角度斜率指数,使其在植被含水量反演上具有更高的精度。     

岩质边坡稳定性及预应力锚固分析现状

本文首先对目前常用的各类边坡稳定性分析方法的主要特点进行了评述,包括定性方法类的历史分析法、工程地质类比法、图解法、专家系统法,定量分析方法类的确定性模型法,如极限平衡法,应力应变分析法;非确定性模型法,如可靠性分析法、灰色系统理论法及模糊综合评判法等;及两类方法结合而成的随机有限元法。其次,对预应力锚固边坡的设计及稳定性分析作了阐述。     

Research on the Longitudinal Section of River Restoration Using Probabilistic Theory

Since the 1960s, many rivers have been destroyed as a consequence of the process of rapid urbanization. As accurate figures are important to repair rivers, there have been many research reports on methods to obtain the exact river slope and elevation. Until now, many research efforts have analyzed the river using measured river topographic factors, but when the flow velocity changes rapidly, such as during a flood, surveying is not easy; and due to cost, frequent measurements are difficult. Previous research has focused on the cross section of the river, so the information on the river longitudinal profile is insufficient. In this research, using informational entropy theory, equations are presented that can calculate the average river slope, river slope, and river longitudinal elevation for a river basin in real time. The applicability was analyzed through a comparison with the measured data of river characteristic factors obtained from the river plan. The parameters were calculated using informational entropy theory and nonlinear regression analysis using actual data, and then the longitudinal elevation entropy equation for each river and the average river slope were calculated. As a result of analyzing the applicability of the equations presented in this study by R² and Root Mean Square Error, all R² values were over 0.80, while RMSE values were analyzed to be between 0.54 and 2.79. Valid results can be obtained by calculating river characteristic factors.     

A new way to apply ultrasound in cross-flow ultrafiltration: Application to colloidal suspensions

A new coupling of ultrasound device with membrane process has been developed in order to enhance cross-flow ultrafiltration of colloidal suspensions usually involved in several industrial applications included bio and agro industries, water and sludge treatment. In order to reduce mass transfer resistances induced by fouling and concentration polarization, which both are main limitations in membrane separation process continuous ultrasound is applied with the help of a vibrating blade (20 kHz) located in the feed channel all over the membrane surface (8 mm between membrane surface and the blade). Hydrodynamic aspects were also taking into account by the control of the rectangular geometry of the feed channel.Three colloidal suspensions with different kinds of colloidal interaction (attractive, repulsive) were chosen to evaluate the effect of their physico-chemical properties on the filtration.For a 90 W power (20.5 W cm⁻²) and a continuous flow rate, permeation fluxes are increased for each studied colloidal suspension, without damaging the membrane. The results show that the flux increase depends on the initial structural properties of filtered dispersion in terms of colloidal interaction and spatial organizations.For instance, a Montmorillonite Wyoming–Na clay suspension was filtered at 1.5 × 10⁵ Pa transmembrane pressure. Its permeation flux is increased by a factor 7.1, from 13.6 L m⁻² h⁻¹ without ultrasound to 97 L m⁻² h⁻¹ with ultrasound.     

Microwave generation analysis with higher order dispersion parameters in two cascaded Mach-Zehnder modulators

Dispersion is one of the major limiting factors for microwave/millimeter wave generation in microwave photonics. In this paper, we analyze the individual and combined effect of second order-, third order-, fourth order and fifth order dispersion parameter on microwave/millimeter wave generation. We have used the two cascaded Mach-Zehnder modulators in our proposed model, which have been not discussed earlier. Intensity at the output of photodetector versus modulation depth (β) with effects of dispersion parameters have been discussed and it has been found that output intensity of photodetector reduces when dispersion term up to fifth order are added.     

Light concentration effects on the performance of the p-i-n quantum dot solar cells: A simulation study

J–V characteristics and efficiency as a function of active region thickness of the p-i-n intermediate band solar cells have been calculated. We compared the maximum efficiency point of three different cells made of well-known materials. Each cell includes a different size of quantum dot in the i-region that causes different intermediate band position. Numerical optimizations have been done by adjusting parameters such as the combination of band gap, mismatch as well as the specific structure of the cell. In addition, it is illustrated that the maximum efficiency point increases with increasing the incident light concentration in the radiative limit. This article considered that using light concentrators can be useful to enhance the efficiency of the solar cell with respect to manufacturing and cost improvements.     

语音清晰度和平均混响时间在车内声学中的应用

乘用车的车内声学性能直接影响人的主观感受,但仅靠主观评价来判定是不够的;必须通过引入有力的客观参量来刻画车内听觉的舒适度效果。而如何来设计车内噪声试验方案来诊断和改善声学水平则成了一个重要的环节。在乘用车车内噪声品质的开发过程中,综合应用语音清晰度和平均混响时间两个指标对车内吸声性能进行了对比分析。通过对实车主观评价和客观测试,讨论了语音清晰度、车内平均混响时间、吸声系数和声压衰减斜率的概念及相互关系,从而确定了高速道路行驶工况下的语音清晰度主要取决于车内吸声材料的性能。提出了将车内相关部位进行材料吸声改进作为改善语音清晰度的主要措施之一。     

DETERMINATION OF DISPLACEMENT OF A BEAM WITH ONE END OVERHANGING IN SYMMETRIC BENDING WITH CONVERSION METHOD

置换法应用于求解一端外伸梁,在对称弯曲的条件下,根据直梁挠曲线所在平面内其与切线所成图形的边角几何关系,推导出求解该形梁的挠度和转角的置换法位移方程,其变量是相应的置换梁自由端的挠度、梁长、梁轴线位置坐标等. 对具体载荷梁的求解过程是：先以具体量值填充左、右置换梁自由端的挠度,再将其代入该置换法位移方程的统一表达式,即得到所求梁段的挠度、转角的方程全解. 所用的计算为代数方程的分式四则运算,只需挠曲线和叠加原理概念,无需积分,一般无需查挠度表,结果精确. 给出工程背景的算例.     

基于红外检测的H2S传感器中光谱吸收的理论

对于光纤红外的方法检测污染气体的浓度,光谱吸收理论具有非常重要的意义。根据朗伯-比尔(Beer-Lambert)理论,首先从硫化氢(H2S)气体浓度的定量分析以及分子参数的理论进行研究,再通过分析该气体的吸收线得出该气体的吸收系数α(ν)的一般方法。并得到,在气体压强小于0.03个标准大气压(atm,1atm=1.01325×105Pa)时用高斯(Gaussian)线型拟合,大于2atm时用洛伦兹(Lorentzian)线型拟合,它们的相对误差都控制在小于0.1的范围之内。压强在0.03—2atm之间时,吸收线型用福赫特(Voigt)线型拟合比较好,理论上得到很好的结果。