Removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by zeolite synthesized from fly ash

Fifteen Chinese fly ashes were converted hydrothermally into zeolites, and phosphate immobilization capacity (PIC) of the synthesized zeolites and the corresponding raw fly ashes were determined using an initial phosphate concentration of 1000 mg/L. Results showed that there was a remarkable increase in PIC (from 1.2 to 7.6 times) following the synthesis process. Fractionation of immobilized phosphorus indicated that Fe+Al-P increased most significantly and consistently among all the phosphorus fractions following the conversion of fly ash to zeolite. The PIC and Ca+Mg-P were closely related to Ca content (with r values of 0.9683 and 0.9651, respectively) rather than Mg content (with r values of 0.3920 and 0.3212, respectively). The r values of PIC and Fe+Al-P with Fe content (with r values of 0.4686 and 0.6385, respectively) were higher than those with Al content (with r values of -0.7857 and -0.3770, respectively). Although calcium and iron components were mainly involved in phosphate immobilization, there was no significant change of Ca and Fe content following the conversion of fly ash to zeolite. Increase in dissociated Fe(2)O(3) and specific surface area probably accounted for the enhancement in PIC of synthesized zeolites compared with corresponding fly ashes. The PIC value of zeolites showed a significant correlation with dissociated Fe(2)O(3) (r=0.6186). The specific surface area increased 26.0-89.4 times as a result of the conversion of fly ash to zeolite. The maximum removal of phosphate occurred within different pH ranges for zeolites which were synthesized from high, medium and low calcium fly ashes and this behavior was explained by the reaction of phosphate with calcium and iron components.     

利用凝胶渗透色谱示差-紫外检测器联用测定丁苯共聚物的组成分布

将凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)中的示差与紫外检测器联用,测定了无规共聚丁苯橡胶和SBS三元嵌段共聚物中各级分的组成变化.实验方法选择中对比了两种浓度参数的确定方法,发现通过改变注射量来实现浓度变化的方法优于使用系列浓度样品的方法.分别测定标准样品在紫外和示差检测器上信号产生的时间间隔可以确定两个检测器上信号的时间差.根据紫外-示差检测器联用可以看到SBR无规共聚物和三嵌段SBS共聚物样品中每一个级分中随着相对分子质量的变化,苯乙烯含量的变化.     

Dirichlet空间上的超循环复合算子

设Bn是复平面C中的单位圆盘(n=1)或复空间Cn中的单位球.众所周知,在Hardy空间上存在丰富的符号在Aut(Bn)中的超循环复合算子.然而,在复平面中单位圆盘上的Dirichlet空间中, 任何复合算子都不能是超循环的.本文则证明,当n>1时,Bn上的Dirichlet空间中确有超循环复合算子.     

新型脱硅剂水合碳铁酸钙合成过程的光谱学研究

亚熔盐溶出一水硬铝石型铝土矿过程中需在高浓介质条件下脱除二氧化硅杂质,研究采用合成水合碳铁酸钙做为脱硅剂;因水合碳铁酸钙合成过程中会有碳酸钙、氢氧化钙、铁酸钙等副产物,故合成条件对水合碳铁酸钙含量及脱硅效果有重要影响。为了探讨反应机理并优化合成参数, 研究采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、电感耦合等离子发射光谱(ICP-AES)分析对合成过程产物进行了物相分析和脱硅实验。FTIR和脱硅过程元素分析表明水合碳铁酸钙在水溶液中为介稳物质,反应温度和反应时间对水合碳铁酸钙的合成具有重要影响,随时间和温度增加水合碳铁酸钙含量先增加后减少;单因素条件下最优的合成条件为, 反应温度30 ℃,反应时间16 h,反应液固比20,搅拌强度500 r·min-1;对最优条件下合成水合碳铁酸钙的物相结构进行了研究,表明水合碳铁酸钙为斜方六面体晶体结构,其中存在结晶水、羟基、Fe—O特征峰。     

紧拓扑半群上概率测度卷积序列的极限性质

本文讨论紧拓扑半群上概率测度卷积序列的若干重要极限性质．在第１节中，我们讨论测度集的代数结构与其支撑集代数结构的关系．第２节的定理１，通过支撑集的代数结构给出组合收敛测度序列的一个极限定理．在定理２中我们讨论独立同分布时的情形，建立了一类紧半群上的Ｋａｗａｄａ－Ｉｔ型结果．这些定理推广了紧群、紧交换半群、紧Ｌ－Ｘ半群上一些相应的结论．     

BiBloch-type Maps: Existence and Beyond

It is shown that for f > 0 there are two constants c 1 , c 2 > 0 and a holomorphic map f from the unit disk ${\shadD} {\rm of} {\shadC}$ into ${\shadC}^2$ such that $ c_1(1-|z|)^{-\alpha }\le |\,f'(z)|\le c_2(1-|z|)^{-\alpha } $ for all $ z\in {\shadD}$ . Moreover, this existence is effectively used in the study of invariance of the Bloch-type spaces under composition, but also in the discussion of embedding the Bloch-type spaces via derivation into the Lebesgue, mixed-norm and Coifman-Meyer-Stein tent spaces.     

对数Bloch空间上积型算子的有界性

让H(D)表示复平面C里的单位圆盘D上的所有解析函数的全体,ψ_1,ψ_2∈H(D),而φ是D到D的解析自映射.本文刻画了对数Bloch空间上积型算子T_(ψ_1,ψ2,φ)的有界性.     

Composition and antioxidant activity of anthocyanins from Aronia melanocarpa extracted using an ultrasonic-microwave-assisted natural deep eutectic solvent extraction method

A time-saving, efficient, and environmentally friendly ultrasonic-microwave-assisted natural deep eutectic solvent (UMAE-NADES) extraction method was developed for the extraction of anthocyanins from Aronia melanocarpa. Eight different natural eutectic solvents were screened initially, and choline chloride-glycerol was selected as the extraction solvent. The extraction conditions were optimized using the response surface methodology, and the extraction rate of anthocyanins was higher than those achieved using the traditional ethanol method, natural deep eutectic solvent extraction method, and ultrasonic-microwave-assisted ethanol method. Six anthocyanins, including cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside, cyanidin-3-O-xyloside, cyanidin-3,5-O-dihexoside, and the dimer of cyanidin-hexoside were identified and extracted at a purity of 448.873 mg/g using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The compounds extracted using UMAE-NADES had higher antioxidant capacities than those extracted by the other three methods. The UMAE-NADES demonstrated significant efficiency toward the extraction of bioactive substances and has potential utility in the food and pharmaceutical industries.     

Derivative-free characterizations of bounded composition operators between Lipschitz spaces

We prove that maps into if and only if belongs to . In the case β < 1, we give another two equivalent conditions. Supported by MNZŽS Serbia, Project No. ON144010.     

Photoluminescence linewidth broadening due to alloy/thickness fluctuation of CdxZn1 − xSe/ZnSe triple quantum wells

Photoluminescence (PL) linewidth broadening of Cd_xZn_{1 − x}Se/ZnSe triple quantum wells, grown on GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), has been investigated. Various quantum well (QW) samples have been prepared with different QW thickness and composition (Cd-composition). Measured and calculated PL linewidth are compared. Both composition and thickness fluctuations are considered for the calculation with the parameters such as the volume of exciton, nominal thickness and composition of QWs. Surface roughness measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to estimate the interface roughness. Results show that when Cd-composition increases additional linewidth broadening due to Zn/Cd interdiffusion is enhanced.